Electrolyte Balance Regulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of water content do healthy males typically have?

  • 60% (correct)
  • 73%
  • 50%
  • 45%

    • Where is interstitial fluid found?

  • In the lymph
  • In spaces between cells (correct)
  • In the cerebrospinal fluid
  • In the blood

    • What is the main fluid compartment contained in cells?

  • Lymph
  • Interstitial fluid (IF)
  • Intracellular fluid (ICF) (correct)
  • Plasma

    • What factor contributes to the difference in total water content between healthy males and healthy females?

    <p>Higher body fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of water content do infants have?

    <p>73% or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid portion of the blood called?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of acidosis in the context of respiratory acid-base imbalance?

    <p>High PCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys respond to correct respiratory acid-base imbalance?

    <p>By retaining bicarbonate to offset the acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the water content of the body at adulthood?

    <p>About 58%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What slows down with age according to the text?

    <p>Homeostatic mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are at risk of dehydration according to the text?

    <p>Elders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflects problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in the young?

    <p>High metabolic rate yielding more metabolic wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers thirst according to the text?

    <p>Decline in plasma volume or increases in plasma osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of water intake mentioned in the text?

    <p>Ingested fluid, solid food, and metabolic water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ADH release according to the text?

    <p>Regulates water reabsorption in collecting ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of dehydration according to the text?

    <p>Negative fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hypotonic hydration according to the text?

    <p>Result from excessive water intake or renal insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central position held by sodium according to the text?

    <p>In fluid and electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of amphoteric molecules in acid-base balance?

    <p>Acting as both a weak acid and a weak base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the respiratory system regulate acid-base balance?

    <p>Through a reversible equilibrium between dissolved carbon dioxide and water, carbonic acid, and hydrogen and bicarbonate ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate acid-base regulatory organ in the body?

    <p>The kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which type A intercalated cells generate new bicarbonate ions?

    <p>Renal excretion of acid and excretion of hydrogen ions or ammonium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Rising blood pH and bicarbonate levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does respiratory alkalosis commonly occur?

    <p>As a common result of hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of estrogens in electrolyte balance?

    <p>Enhancing NaCl reabsorption by renal tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of excessive extracellular potassium?

    <p>Decreasing membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aldosterone influence potassium ion secretion?

    <p>Stimulating potassium ion secretion by principal cells in the cortical collecting ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls the balance of ionic calcium in extracellular fluid?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is filtered phosphate reabsorbed in the proximal tubules regulated?

    <p>By its transport maximum and influenced by ECF calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the respiratory center in the regulation of hydrogen ions?

    <p>Involvement in chemical buffer systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acidosis is characterized by low PCO2 and low bicarbonate levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elders are more responsive to thirst clues compared to young individuals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Respiratory acid-base imbalance is corrected by renal mechanisms stepping up.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The very young and the very old are the least frequent victims of fluid, acid-base, and electrolyte imbalances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkalosis is characterized by high PCO2 and low pH.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys eliminate bicarbonate from the body by actively secreting it.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water content of the body is greatest at birth and declines until adulthood.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkalosis is caused by high bicarbonate levels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of the respiratory system in acid-base balance is to eliminate excess hydrogen ions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys retain bicarbonate to offset acidosis in the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Regulation of Electrolyte Balance in the Body

    • Estrogens enhance NaCl reabsorption by renal tubules and may cause water retention during menstrual cycles and edema during pregnancy.

    • Regulation of potassium balance is crucial for maintaining a cell’s resting membrane potential and preventing disruptions in electrical conduction in the heart.

    • Excessive extracellular potassium can decrease membrane potential, while low levels of potassium can cause hyperpolarization and nonresponsiveness.

    • Cortical collecting ducts play a key role in regulating potassium balance by changing the amount of potassium secreted into the filtrate, with less than 15% of filtered K+ lost to urine regardless of need.

    • Plasma potassium concentration influences potassium secretion by the collecting ducts, favoring principal cells to secrete K+ in high ECF K+ content and depresses its secretion in low K+ or accelerated K+ loss.

    • Aldosterone stimulates potassium ion secretion by principal cells in the cortical collecting ducts, and increased ECF K+ levels result in the release of aldosterone and potassium secretion.

    • Ionic calcium in extracellular fluid is important for blood clotting, cell membrane permeability, and secretory behavior, and its balance is controlled by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin.

    • PTH promotes an increase in calcium levels by targeting bones, small intestine, and kidneys, with calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion going hand in hand.

    • Filtered phosphate is actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, and its reabsorption is regulated by its transport maximum, with high or normal ECF calcium levels inhibiting PTH secretion.

    • Chloride is the major anion accompanying sodium in the extracellular fluid, with 99% of chloride reabsorbed under normal pH conditions, and acidosis leading to fewer chloride ions being reabsorbed.

    • The normal pH of body fluids is crucial, with arterial blood at 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid at 7.35, and intracellular fluid at 7.0, and acidosis or alkalosis can have significant physiological effects.

    • The regulation of hydrogen ions involves chemical buffer systems, the respiratory center in the brain stem, and renal mechanisms, with chemical buffer systems including the bicarbonate buffer system, phosphate buffer system, and protein buffer system.

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    Fluid electolyte and acid-base balance A.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the regulation of electrolyte balance in the body with this informative quiz. Explore the roles of hormones, renal mechanisms, and chemical buffer systems in maintaining the balance of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, and chloride ions. Understand the impact of electrolyte imbalances on physiological functions and health.

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