Renal Regulation of Electrolytes Quiz 3.5

<p>It decreases angiotensin II formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significant fall in extracellular fluid volume and arterial pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased tubular fluid delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depresses neuromuscular excitability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionized calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% to 10% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased ionized calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates the sodium potassium ATP pump (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases plasma protein binding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late distal tubules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the loop of Henley and proximal tubule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac arrest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to skeletal muscle leakage, causing hyperkalemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Action of the sodium potassium pump (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High protein diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium rapidly moves into the cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overflow mechanism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.1 million miles a minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases blood volume and increases cardiac output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid shifts into the interstitial spaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary hydrostatic pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By altering excretion to match intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates the synthesis of potassium channels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular sodium concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes the secretion of potassium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances urinary potassium excretion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They control the secretion of potassium into the tubular lumen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular potassium concentration may rise dangerously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volume expansion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates the pump's activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Movement of potassium ions through renal outer medullary channels.

Cells in the distal and collecting tubules that regulate potassium excretion.

Membrane protein that pumps sodium out and potassium in the cells.

Hormone that increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in kidneys.

The amount of potassium outside cells, crucial for potassium secretion regulation.

Difference in charge and concentration affecting ion movement across membranes.

Rate of urine flow in the renal tubules impacting potassium secretion.

System where increased potassium stimulates more aldosterone secretion.

Nerve signals that constrict renal arterioles, decreasing GFR and increasing reabsorption.

A powerful regulator that decreases sodium and water excretion and increases reabsorption.

Higher sodium intake reduces the formation of angiotensin II, influencing blood pressure control.

Hormone allowing kidneys to concentrate urine while excreting normal salt volumes.

Hormone from the heart that decreases sodium reabsorption and increases GFR.

Potassium levels in the body typically around 4.2 mEq/L.

An excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid that can lead to serious health risks.

98% of the body's total potassium is stored within cells.

The kidneys primarily regulate potassium levels by excreting 5-10% in urine.

Insulin stimulates the sodium-potassium pump, increasing potassium movement into cells.

Beta blockers can increase potassium levels in the blood, potentially leading to hyperkalemia.

Secretion in the kidneys involves a two-step process in principal cells of distal tubules.

About 756 mEq of potassium is filtered by glomerular capillaries daily.

The regulation of phosphate levels in the body mainly through an overflow mechanism.

The maximum filtration rate of substances in renal tubules, set at 0.1 million miles a minute for phosphate.

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion and decreases sodium phosphate transporters.

Fluid volume outside cells determined by water and salt intake and output.

Rate at which kidneys filter blood, affecting sodium and water excretion.

Increased urine output caused by higher blood pressure.

Pressure exerted by blood within capillaries, influencing fluid movement.

Spaces between cells that hold excess fluid when blood volume rises significantly.

Potassium secretion is influenced by fluid delivery and high conduction channels in tubular membranes.

High sodium intake reduces aldosterone secretion but maintains potassium secretion due to high tubular flow.

Hypocalcemia causes increased nerve and muscle excitability, potentially leading to cardiac issues.

Ionized calcium is the biologically active form that affects cell membranes, constituting about 50% of body calcium.

Calcium is not secreted by the kidneys; excretion depends on filtration and reabsorption in renal tubules.

PTH regulates calcium by promoting bone resorption, vitamin D activation, and increased renal reabsorption.

Reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule, loop of Henley, and distal tubule via active transport mechanisms.

Alkalosis increases plasma protein binding, leading to decreased free ionized calcium and potential hypocalcemia.