Questions and Answers
Which part of a neuron is specialized for receiving information from stimuli or from other cells?
Dendrites
Which nervous system controls various internal organs such as the heart, intestine, and glands?
Autonomic nervous system
What structures transmit sensory information to the brain or spinal cord?
Neurons
What is the basic structural unit of the nervous system?
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What is the term used to describe the momentary change in resting potential at the point of stimulation?
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In which structure do biochemical processes play an important role in nerve conduction?
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Which ions are impermeable to the membrane of the neuron?
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What is the name for the insulating layer covering the membrane of some axons?
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What is the term for the decrease in potential below the resting potential due to the potassium gate remaining open too long in repolarization?
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Which factor affects the propagation speed of action potential by decreasing as the diameter of the axon increases?
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What part of the neuron is specialized for receiving information from stimuli or from other cells?
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What is the term for the decrease in potential below the resting potential due to the potassium gate remaining open too long in repolarization?
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Which nervous system controls various internal organs such as heart, intestine, and glands?
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Which ions are impermeable to the membrane of the neuron?
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In which structure do biochemical processes play an important role in nerve conduction?
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What is the term used to describe the electrical signal that carries information to muscles, glands, or other neurons?
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What is the name of the fatty insulating layer that covers the membrane of some axons?
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What is the term for the decrease in potential below the resting potential due to the potassium gate remaining open too long in repolarization?
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Which factor affects the propagation speed of action potential by decreasing as the diameter of the axon increases?
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What is the term for the electrical potential difference across the surface or membrane of every neuron, due to the presence of more negative ions on the inner side of the membrane than on the outside?
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Study Notes
Neuron Structure and Function
- Dendrites are specialized for receiving information from stimuli or from other cells.
- The basic structural unit of the nervous system is the neuron.
Nervous System Control
- The autonomic nervous system controls various internal organs such as the heart, intestine, and glands.
Sensory Information Transmission
- Sensory receptors transmit sensory information to the brain or spinal cord.
Nerve Conduction
- Biochemical processes play an important role in nerve conduction in the axon.
- The term for the electrical signal that carries information to muscles, glands, or other neurons is the action potential.
Membrane and Ion Permeability
- Calcium and sodium ions are impermeable to the membrane of the neuron.
- The name of the fatty insulating layer that covers the membrane of some axons is the myelin sheath.
Electrical Signals and Potentials
- The term for the momentary change in resting potential at the point of stimulation is the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP).
- The term for the decrease in potential below the resting potential due to the potassium gate remaining open too long in repolarization is hyperpolarization.
- The resting potential is the electrical potential difference across the surface or membrane of every neuron, due to the presence of more negative ions on the inner side of the membrane than on the outside.
Action Potential Propagation
- The propagation speed of action potential is affected by the diameter of the axon, decreasing as the diameter increases.
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