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Questions and Answers
Which activities does the autonomic nervous system regulate?
Which activities does the autonomic nervous system regulate?
- Vision, hearing, taste sensation
- Digestion, immune response, blood clotting
- Cardiac muscle contraction, smooth muscle contraction, secretion of glands (correct)
- Skeletal muscle contraction, bone growth, hair growth
What is a neuron formed of?
What is a neuron formed of?
- Cell body (soma) and cell processes (Dendrites and Axon) (correct)
- Endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, vacuoles
- Cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm
- Cell membrane, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus
What types of neurons can be classified based on their function?
What types of neurons can be classified based on their function?
- Big neurons, Small neurons, Medium neurons
- Red neurons, Blue neurons, Green neurons
- Fast neurons, Slow neurons, Moderate neurons
- Sensory neurons, Motor neurons, Relay neurons (correct)
What are the components of the brain stem?
What are the components of the brain stem?
What is the peripheral white matter in the nervous system composed of?
What is the peripheral white matter in the nervous system composed of?
Where does the spinal cord lie?
Where does the spinal cord lie?
How many segments make up the thoracic region?
How many segments make up the thoracic region?
Which cranial nerve controls the muscles of the eye?
Which cranial nerve controls the muscles of the eye?
What is the physiological unit of the nervous system?
What is the physiological unit of the nervous system?
What is the main function of the Vagus nerve X?
What is the main function of the Vagus nerve X?
What type of reflex action regulates the activity of skeletal muscles?
What type of reflex action regulates the activity of skeletal muscles?
Where is the center of the reflex arc for autonomic reflexes located?
Where is the center of the reflex arc for autonomic reflexes located?
What is the effector organ in the reflex arc responsible for?
What is the effector organ in the reflex arc responsible for?
Which nerve influences almost every organ below the neck, except the ventricle of the heart?
Which nerve influences almost every organ below the neck, except the ventricle of the heart?
What is the role of sensory (afferent) nerves in the spinal cord?
What is the role of sensory (afferent) nerves in the spinal cord?
What does the acronym SARCER stand for in components of the reflex arc?
What does the acronym SARCER stand for in components of the reflex arc?
What is the main function of hormones in the body?
What is the main function of hormones in the body?
Which type of hormones are derived from cholesterol?
Which type of hormones are derived from cholesterol?
What is the characteristic feature of protein-bound hormones?
What is the characteristic feature of protein-bound hormones?
What is the primary function of the endocrine glands?
What is the primary function of the endocrine glands?
What is the main difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
What is the main difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
What is the effect of down-regulation of receptors on target cells?
What is the effect of down-regulation of receptors on target cells?
Which type of hormones act on receptors located on the plasma membrane?
Which type of hormones act on receptors located on the plasma membrane?
What is the main function of the Hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
What is the main function of the Hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
Which hormone has a melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) activity?
Which hormone has a melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) activity?
How is the secretion of growth hormone (GH) regulated?
How is the secretion of growth hormone (GH) regulated?
What stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH)?
What stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH)?
What is responsible for dwarfism due to growth hormone (GH) deficiency before puberty?
What is responsible for dwarfism due to growth hormone (GH) deficiency before puberty?
What is a characteristic manifestation of growth hormone (GH) deficiency before puberty?
What is a characteristic manifestation of growth hormone (GH) deficiency before puberty?
'Somatomedins' are also known as:
'Somatomedins' are also known as:
'Insulin-like growth factors' (IGFs) are responsible for which type of feedback regulation?
'Insulin-like growth factors' (IGFs) are responsible for which type of feedback regulation?
'Somatomedins' are regulated by which factor during sleep?
'Somatomedins' are regulated by which factor during sleep?
Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System
- Regulates involuntary actions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiration
Neuron Structure
- Formed of dendrites, cell body, axon, and terminal buttons
Types of Neurons
- Classified based on function: sensory, motor, and interneurons
Brain Stem Components
- Composed of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Peripheral White Matter
- Composed of myelinated axons of peripheral nerves
Spinal Cord Location
- Lies in the vertebral column, extending from the base of the brain to the lower back
Thoracic Region
- Composed of 12 segments
Cranial Nerve Functions
- Oculomotor nerve (III) controls muscles of the eye
Physiological Unit of Nervous System
- The reflex arc
Vagus Nerve Function
- Main function is to regulate heart rate and digestion
Reflex Action Regulation
- Reflex action that regulates skeletal muscles is the stretch reflex
Reflex Arc for Autonomic Reflexes
- Center located in the spinal cord or brain stem
Effector Organ in Reflex Arc
- Responsible for responding to stimuli
Vagus Nerve Influence
- Influences almost every organ below the neck, except the ventricle of the heart
Sensory (Afferent) Nerves
- Play a role in transmitting sensory information to the spinal cord
Reflex Arc Components
- SARCER stands for Stimulus, Afferent neuron, CNS, Efferent neuron, Response
Hormone Functions
- Main function is to regulate various bodily functions
Steroid Hormones
- Derived from cholesterol
Protein-Bound Hormones
- Characterized by being bound to a protein in the bloodstream
Endocrine Glands
- Primary function is to produce and secrete hormones
Exocrine vs Endocrine Glands
- Main difference is that exocrine glands have ducts and secrete substances outside the body, while endocrine glands lack ducts and secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Down-Regulation of Receptors
- Leads to decreased responsiveness to hormone stimulation
Hormone Action
- Hormones that act on receptors located on the plasma membrane are peptide hormones
Hypothalamus Function
- Plays a crucial role in regulating the endocrine system
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
- Has activity similar to MSH hormone
Growth Hormone (GH) Regulation
- Regulated by hypothalamic hormones and negative feedback from insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
Growth Hormone (GH) Stimulation
- Release is stimulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency
- Leads to dwarfism before puberty
Characteristics of Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency
- Manifested as short stature and growth retardation
Somatomedins (Insulin-Like Growth Factors)
- Also known as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and responsible for negative feedback regulation of GH
- Regulated by growth hormone during sleep
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Description
This quiz covers the functions and structures of the autonomic nervous system, including its role in regulating involuntary bodily functions such as muscle contraction and gland secretion. It also discusses the characteristics of neurons and the differences between neurilemmal and myelin sheath.
