KIN 240 Handout 9 (Sleep)
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe a circuit that minimizes transitional states and has abrupt transitions?

  • Parallel circuit
  • Feedback loop circuit
  • Resistive circuit
  • Flip-flop circuit (correct)

    • Which nucleus serves to inhibit the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus to prevent the sleep-promoting pathway?

  • Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO)
  • Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) (correct)
  • Ascending arousal system
  • Homeostatic sleep pressure

    • What happens when the VLPO is activating the sleep-promoting pathway?

  • Activates the wake-promoting pathway
  • Activates the DMH
  • Increases homeostatic sleep pressure
  • Inhibits the branches of the ascending arousal system (correct)

    • The accumulation of a need to sleep during prolonged periods of wakefulness is known as:

    <p>Homeostatic sleep pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is described as mutually inhibitory with wake-promoting and sleep-promoting pathways?

    <p>Ascending arousal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could potentially happen if both wake-promoting and sleep-promoting pathways were active at the same time?

    <p>Conflicting signals leading to disrupted sleep-wake cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of cycling through sleep stages according to the text?

    <p>Providing an opportunity for greater environmental awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does time spent in NREM Sleep stage 2 (N2) grow progressively longer with sleep duration according to the text?

    <p>To enhance environmental awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) during early portions of sleep according to the text?

    <p>It helps maintain wakefulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it biologically advantageous to become more aware of external stimuli as sleep duration increases?

    <p>To avoid predation and increase survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total sleep duration do humans spend in NREM Sleep stage 2 (N2) according to the text?

    <p>Nearly half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does NREM Sleep stage 3 (N3) play in the cycling through sleep stages according to the text?

    <p>It separates REM sleep and NREM Sleep stage 2 (N2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dimension of sleep is particularly important for mental health?

    <p>Quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of sleep reflects the ability to maintain attentive wakefulness during the day?

    <p>Alertness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue is associated with later sleep timing and variability in sleep timing?

    <p>Adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sleep continuity or efficiency reflect?

    <p>Ease of falling and returning to sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals who report poor quality sleep may still perceive it as low quality due to what factor?

    <p>Chronically reporting poor quality sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is sleep quality related to the ability to maintain attentive wakefulness during the day?

    <p>Lower quality leads to higher alertness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended sleep duration for children aged 5 to 13 according to the text?

    <p>9 to 11 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is healthy sleep framed in the text?

    <p>As not necessarily bad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health issues are consistently associated with poor sleep according to the text?

    <p>Greater overall mortality risk, heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization's guidelines are used in determining the recommended sleep duration mentioned in the text?

    <p>National Sleep Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group requires 7 to 9 hours of sleep according to the text?

    <p>Adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of health do modern perspectives align with according to the text?

    <p>Overall health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of slow-wave sleep?

    <p>Facilitating cellular repair and renewal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are most active during REM sleep?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do astrocytes do during REM sleep?

    <p>Clear neural metabolic waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oligodendrocytes during REM sleep?

    <p>Generate and maintain myelin axonal coatings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do microglia contribute to increased brain activity during REM sleep?

    <p>Shrinking and expanding to clear metabolic waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected occurrence regarding time spent in slow-wave sleep over the course of the night?

    <p>It gradually reduces over the course of the night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as discussed in the text?

    <p>Receiving inputs from various systems to generate a sleep-wake rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a critical role in overriding daily rhythms of sleep and wakefulness according to the text?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) within the circadian system?

    <p>Integrating information from various systems to regulate sleep-wake cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of daylight in relation to the circadian system based on the text?

    <p>Increasing activity in the SCN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleus is considered the central pacemaker within the circadian system?

    <p>Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor opposing circadian phase in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness according to the text?

    <p>Homeostatic sleep pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor sleep impact physical performance according to the text?

    <p>Increases awareness of exertion and cognitive impairments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of somnogens mentioned in the text?

    <p>Induce sleep more quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is poor sleep associated with a greater risk of exercise-related injuries?

    <p>It increases the relative risk of incurring an injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of spending time in NREM Sleep stage 3 (N3)?

    <p>To regenerate the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the larger issue associated with poor sleep according to the text?

    <p>Cognitive impairments associated with vigilance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor sleep indirectly impact physical performance according to the text?

    <p>By contributing to greater awareness of exertion and cognitive impairments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the vast majority of research on sleep as it relates to health?

    <p>The negative consequences of poor or restricted sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'sleep health' characterized in the text?

    <p>Subjective satisfaction with sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sleep deficiency primarily defined as in the context of health?

    <p>A deficit in the quantity or quality of sleep obtained for optimal health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What era's perspective of health does the current orientation of sleep research reflect?

    <p>Pre-1940s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying biological purpose of sleep according to the text?

    <p>To fulfill individual, social, and environmental demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the relationship between physical activity and sleep?

    <p>'Almost an expected outcome'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do light stages of sleep exist according to the Energy Conservation Theory of Sleep?

    <p>To protect NREM Sleep stage 3 (N3) and REM sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental premise of the Energy Conservation Theory of Sleep?

    <p>Low-energy states during sleep are biologically advantageous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do humans tend to prefer entering a low-energy state during the night?

    <p>To conserve energy due to poor night vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sleep patterns in organisms align with food availability according to the text?

    <p>Organisms sleep when food is most abundantly available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does entering a low-energy state during sleep serve according to the Energy Conservation Theory?

    <p>To conserve energy and reduce risks associated with acquiring food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do light stages of sleep contribute to the overall sleep cycle according to the Energy Conservation Theory?

    <p>By providing a protective field for important sleep stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key point made about the current state of literature on sleep according to the text?

    <p>It primarily focuses on the negative effects of poor sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health risks are consistently linked to poor sleep based on the information provided?

    <p>Heart disease and diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Canadian 24-hour Movement Guidelines, what is the recommended sleep duration for adults?

    <p>8 to 10 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the sleep recommendations for children aged 14 to 17 compared to those aged 5 to 13?

    <p>They need less total sleep duration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When it comes to the duration of actual sleep time, what does it entail?

    <p>The total duration excluding any awake periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is specifically highlighted as important when framing healthy sleep in alignment with modern health perspectives?

    <p>Adequate functioning for individual demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

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