Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of electric charge does a proton have?
Which type of electric charge does a proton have?
- No electric charge
- Positive charge (correct)
- Negative charge
- Neutral charge
What is the SI unit of charge?
What is the SI unit of charge?
- Coulomb (correct)
- Watt
- Volt
- Ampere
What is the charge of an electron?
What is the charge of an electron?
- Negative charge (correct)
- Neutral charge
- No electric charge
- Positive charge
Which type of charge is repulsive when interacting with the same type of charge?
Which type of charge is repulsive when interacting with the same type of charge?
Which type of charge is attractive when interacting with a different type of charge?
Which type of charge is attractive when interacting with a different type of charge?
Which type of material allows charge to flow easily?
Which type of material allows charge to flow easily?
Which type of material barely allows charge to flow?
Which type of material barely allows charge to flow?
What happens to the outermost electrons in a conductor?
What happens to the outermost electrons in a conductor?
What is the simplest way to induce a charge on common materials?
What is the simplest way to induce a charge on common materials?
What happens when charge is moved from one object to another and then the objects are separated?
What happens when charge is moved from one object to another and then the objects are separated?
Which process involves the transfer of charge between two objects made of unlike materials?
Which process involves the transfer of charge between two objects made of unlike materials?
What is the result of rubbing two objects made of unlike materials together?
What is the result of rubbing two objects made of unlike materials together?
What is polarization?
What is polarization?
Which type of polarization occurs when one side of a molecule is more positive than the other?
Which type of polarization occurs when one side of a molecule is more positive than the other?
What is induced polarization?
What is induced polarization?
In a conductor, where do opposite charges accumulate when induced polarization occurs?
In a conductor, where do opposite charges accumulate when induced polarization occurs?
In an insulator, where do charges accumulate when induced polarization occurs?
In an insulator, where do charges accumulate when induced polarization occurs?
Which type of polarization is shown in the figure for both a conductor and an insulator?
Which type of polarization is shown in the figure for both a conductor and an insulator?
What is the overall charge of an object that is polarized?
What is the overall charge of an object that is polarized?
What happens to the total charge during the process of rubbing two objects made of unlike materials together?
What happens to the total charge during the process of rubbing two objects made of unlike materials together?
Which of the following is true about the electrical signal generated at the sinoatrial (SA node) of the heart?
Which of the following is true about the electrical signal generated at the sinoatrial (SA node) of the heart?
What is the role of the atrio-ventricular (AV) node in the heart?
What is the role of the atrio-ventricular (AV) node in the heart?
What is the normal sinus rhythm of the heart?
What is the normal sinus rhythm of the heart?
What is the function of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
What is the function of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
What does the P wave in an electrocardiogram represent?
What does the P wave in an electrocardiogram represent?
What does the QRS complex in an electrocardiogram represent?
What does the QRS complex in an electrocardiogram represent?
What does the T wave in an electrocardiogram represent?
What does the T wave in an electrocardiogram represent?
What is the SI unit of capacitance?
What is the SI unit of capacitance?
What factors affect the capacitance of a capacitor?
What factors affect the capacitance of a capacitor?
What is the capacitance of 1 cm2 of membrane with a dielectric constant of 8 and a thickness of 10-8 m?
What is the capacitance of 1 cm2 of membrane with a dielectric constant of 8 and a thickness of 10-8 m?
According to Coulomb's law, the force between two electric charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to their separation squared.
According to Coulomb's law, the force between two electric charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to their separation squared.
What is the formula for calculating the electric force between two charges q1 and q2, separated by a distance r?
What is the formula for calculating the electric force between two charges q1 and q2, separated by a distance r?
If two charges have opposite signs, the electric force between them is
If two charges have opposite signs, the electric force between them is
If two charges have the same signs, the electric force between them is
If two charges have the same signs, the electric force between them is
What is the value of the constant of proportionality (k) in Coulomb's law?
What is the value of the constant of proportionality (k) in Coulomb's law?
In the example given, what are the magnitudes of the two charges (q1 and q2)?
In the example given, what are the magnitudes of the two charges (q1 and q2)?
What is the distance separating the two charges in the example given?
What is the distance separating the two charges in the example given?
What is the magnitude of the electric force acting on q2 in the example given?
What is the magnitude of the electric force acting on q2 in the example given?
What is the direction of the electric force acting on q2 in the example given?
What is the direction of the electric force acting on q2 in the example given?
How would the answer change if q2 in the example given is negative?
How would the answer change if q2 in the example given is negative?
Which symbol is used to represent electric current?
Which symbol is used to represent electric current?
What is the SI unit of electric current?
What is the SI unit of electric current?
What is the formula for electric resistance according to Ohm's law?
What is the formula for electric resistance according to Ohm's law?
What is the opposition to the flow of electrical current through an object called?
What is the opposition to the flow of electrical current through an object called?
In the example given, what is the electric resistance if the potential difference is 20 V and the current is 4 A?
In the example given, what is the electric resistance if the potential difference is 20 V and the current is 4 A?
What is the formula for calculating electric charge?
What is the formula for calculating electric charge?
In the example given, how many electric charges pass through the conducting wire in a minute if the current is 4 A?
In the example given, how many electric charges pass through the conducting wire in a minute if the current is 4 A?
What are materials called that do not obey Ohm's law?
What are materials called that do not obey Ohm's law?
What are materials called for which the potential difference and current are directly proportional?
What are materials called for which the potential difference and current are directly proportional?
What is the capacitance of the cell membrane mentioned in the text?
What is the capacitance of the cell membrane mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is true about the resting membrane potential of a nerve cell?
Which of the following is true about the resting membrane potential of a nerve cell?
What happens to the cell membrane permeability during an action potential?
What happens to the cell membrane permeability during an action potential?
What is the approximate duration of an action potential?
What is the approximate duration of an action potential?
What is the shape and peak size of an action potential dependent on?
What is the shape and peak size of an action potential dependent on?
What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in a nerve cell?
What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in a nerve cell?
How long does it take for the sodium-potassium pump to restore the ions in a nerve cell?
How long does it take for the sodium-potassium pump to restore the ions in a nerve cell?
What happens to the potential difference across the capacitors in an axon when a small stimulus is applied?
What happens to the potential difference across the capacitors in an axon when a small stimulus is applied?
What happens when a stimulus above the threshold level is applied to an axon?
What happens when a stimulus above the threshold level is applied to an axon?
What is the signal conduction velocity in a nerve axon directly proportional to?
What is the signal conduction velocity in a nerve axon directly proportional to?
What is the signal conduction velocity in a nerve axon inversely proportional to?
What is the signal conduction velocity in a nerve axon inversely proportional to?
Flashcards
Proton charge
Proton charge
A proton carries a positive electric charge.
Electric charge unit
Electric charge unit
Coulomb (C) is the SI unit for electric charge.
Electron charge
Electron charge
An electron carries a negative electric charge.
Like charges
Like charges
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Opposite charges
Opposite charges
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Conductors
Conductors
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Insulators
Insulators
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Charging by friction
Charging by friction
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Triboelectric charging
Triboelectric charging
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Polarization
Polarization
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Permanent polarization
Permanent polarization
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Induced polarization
Induced polarization
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SA node
SA node
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AV node
AV node
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Normal sinus rhythm
Normal sinus rhythm
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ECG (Electrocardiogram)
ECG (Electrocardiogram)
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P wave (ECG)
P wave (ECG)
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QRS complex (ECG)
QRS complex (ECG)
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T wave (ECG)
T wave (ECG)
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Capacitance unit
Capacitance unit
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Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law
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Electric Current
Electric Current
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Electric Resistance
Electric Resistance
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Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law
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Action Potential
Action Potential
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Nerve Cell membrane Capacitance
Nerve Cell membrane Capacitance
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Resting membrane potential
Resting membrane potential
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Study Notes
Electric Charge and Materials
- A proton has a positive electric charge.
- The SI unit of charge is the coulomb (C).
- An electron has a negative electric charge.
Charge Interaction and Materials
- Like charges repel each other.
- Opposite charges attract each other.
- Conductors are materials that allow charge to flow easily.
- Insulators are materials that barely allow charge to flow.
Inducing Charge and Polarization
- Inducing a charge on common materials can be done by rubbing them against other materials.
- When charge is moved from one object to another and the objects are separated, the process is called charging by friction.
- The transfer of charge between two objects made of unlike materials is called triboelectric charging.
- When two objects are rubbed together, charge is transferred, resulting in one object becoming positively charged and the other becoming negatively charged.
- Polarization is the process of creating a temporary or permanent electric dipole in a material.
- When one side of a molecule is more positive than the other, it is called permanent polarization.
- Induced polarization occurs when a material is placed in an electric field, causing the molecules to align.
Charge Accumulation and Conductors
- In a conductor, opposite charges accumulate on the surface when induced polarization occurs.
- In an insulator, charges accumulate inside the material when induced polarization occurs.
- The overall charge of an object that is polarized is zero.
Electrophysiology
- The sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart generates an electrical signal that regulates the heartbeat.
- The atrio-ventricular (AV) node in the heart relays the signal from the SA node to the ventricles.
- The normal sinus rhythm of the heart is around 60-100 beats per minute.
- An electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the electrical activity of the heart.
- The P wave in an ECG represents the atrial contraction.
- The QRS complex in an ECG represents the ventricular contraction.
- The T wave in an ECG represents the ventricular recovery.
Capacitance and Electric Force
- The SI unit of capacitance is the farad (F).
- The capacitance of a capacitor is affected by the dielectric constant, thickness of the dielectric, and surface area of the plates.
- According to Coulomb's law, the electric force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to their separation squared.
Electric Current and Resistance
- The symbol for electric current is I, and the SI unit is the ampere (A).
- Electric resistance is the opposition to the flow of electrical current through an object.
- The formula for electric resistance according to Ohm's law is R = V/I.
- Materials that do not obey Ohm's law are called non-ohmic materials.
- Materials that obey Ohm's law are called ohmic materials.
Nerve Cells and Action Potentials
- The capacitance of the cell membrane is around 1 μF/cm².
- The resting membrane potential of a nerve cell is around -70 mV.
- During an action potential, the cell membrane permeability changes.
- The duration of an action potential is around 1-2 ms.
- The shape and peak size of an action potential are dependent on the ion channels and pumps.
- The sodium-potassium pump restores the ions in a nerve cell after an action potential.
- It takes around 1-2 minutes for the sodium-potassium pump to restore the ions.
- When a stimulus above the threshold level is applied to an axon, an action potential is generated.
- The signal conduction velocity in a nerve axon is directly proportional to the diameter of the axon and inversely proportional to the axon's length.
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