Electoral Politics Chapter 3
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of regulating political campaigns during elections?

To ensure that every political party and candidate has a fair and equal chance to compete.

What actions are prohibited for parties or candidates once elections are announced?

Bribing or threatening voters, appealing in the name of caste or religion, using government resources, and exceeding spending limits.

What is the maximum amount a candidate can spend in a Lok Sabha election?

The maximum amount is ` 25 lakh.

How often do ruling parties lose elections in India based on the last 25 years?

<p>Ruling parties lose elections in India about two out of three times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a candidate violates election laws?

<p>Their election can be rejected by the court even after being declared elected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of candidates who tend to lose elections in India?

<p>Candidates who spend a lot of money on 'buying votes' and those with criminal connections often lose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Model Code of Conduct?

<p>It is an agreement among political parties to ensure fair election campaigns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do voters do on election day?

<p>They go to a polling booth, identify themselves, and cast their vote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend regarding sitting MPs or MLAs in India compared to the US?

<p>In India, about half of sitting MPs or MLAs lose elections, while in the US, incumbents rarely lose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens to the outcome of rigged elections in India?

<p>The losing party usually does not accept the outcome of rigged elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must happen before a voter casts their vote in a booth?

<p>Election officials identify the voter and put a mark on their finger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is family politics a common practice in Indian electoral politics?

<p>Yes, family politics is common, but it may not be confined to only a few states or parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is forbidden for political parties and candidates to use during elections?

<p>Political parties and candidates cannot use any place of worship for election propaganda.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the expenditure by the government for the Lok Sabha elections in 2014?

<p>`3,500 crores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much was the total expenditure made by the government, parties, and candidates during the elections?

<p>About `30,000 crores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What amount per person did the government spend on the voters' list during the 2014 elections?

<p>Approximately `40 per person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one argument some people make about the cost of elections?

<p>Some argue that elections are a burden on the country and that it cannot afford them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much did the government spend to purchase six nuclear submarines in 2005?

<p>`3,000 crores each.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated cost of hosting the Commonwealth Games in Delhi in 2010?

<p>`20,000 crores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Model Code of Conduct allow agents of candidates to do?

<p>Agents can sit inside polling booths to ensure fair voting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some believe that elections are too expensive for India?

<p>They believe that the financial burden is too high for a poor country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend in voter turnout is observed in India from 1991 to 2015?

<p>Voter turnout in India has either remained stable or increased from 1991 to 2015.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the voter turnout percentage in India in 2015?

<p>The voter turnout percentage in India in 2015 was 66%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the voter turnout in India compare to that in the UK as per the data?

<p>As of 2015, voter turnout in the UK was 78%, which is higher than India's 66%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic groups in India have a higher voter turnout?

<p>The poor, illiterate, and underprivileged groups vote in larger proportions compared to the rich and privileged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change in voter interest regarding election-related activities was noted during the 2004 elections?

<p>More than one-third of voters participated in campaign-related activities during the 2004 elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by the increase in participation among the poorer demographics in India?

<p>It suggests a growing political awareness and engagement among the underprivileged sections of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did India's voter turnout show a percentage of 72%?

<p>The voter turnout of 72% was recorded in the year 2009.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that the interest in elections is on the rise in India?

<p>The increasing participation in campaign-related activities indicates a rising interest in elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage of voter turnout in India in the year 1991?

<p>The voter turnout percentage in India in 1991 was 56%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about electoral participation from the trends in India compared to Western democracies?

<p>Electoral participation in India shows higher turnout among lower socioeconomic groups, contrasting with Western democracies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you ask eligible voters in your family about their voting behavior?

<p>Ask whether they voted in the last election and why they did or did not vote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do voters feel about their ability to influence political parties through elections?

<p>Voters believe they can exert pressure on political parties to adopt favorable policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of participants believed their vote has an effect?

<p>67% believed their vote has an effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the remaining percentages indicate about voters' perceptions of election fairness?

<p>15% and 18% indicated skepticism about whether elections are free and fair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activities related to elections could voters participate in aside from voting?

<p>Voters could attend election meetings or rallies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might voters feel their vote matters in governance?

<p>They believe their vote influences how things are run in the country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inquiry process is suggested for understanding voting motivations?

<p>Inquire about the party and candidate they voted for and their reasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the acceptance of election outcomes tested?

<p>It is tested by assessing if the outcome itself reflects free and fair elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a lack of fair election outcomes typically favor?

<p>It tends to favor the powerful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the study, what is a crucial aspect of considering the effectiveness of elections?

<p>The free and fair nature of elections is essential to their effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Election Regulation

The process of ensuring fair and equal competition in elections by setting limits on campaign activities and spending.

Prohibited Election Campaign Practices

Activities that are prohibited during an election campaign to ensure a fair and level playing field.

Using Government Resources for Campaigns

The use of government resources, such as vehicles, officials, and facilities, for election campaigning.

Appealing to Caste or Religion

Appealing to voters based on their caste or religious identity during an election campaign.

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Election Campaign Spending Limit

The maximum amount of money a political party or candidate can spend during an election campaign in a particular constituency.

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Model Code of Conduct

A set of guidelines agreed upon by all political parties in India to ensure ethical and fair election campaigns.

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Election Day

The day voters cast their votes in an election.

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Candidate's Agent

A representative appointed by a candidate to observe the voting process and ensure fairness.

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Election Propaganda in Places of Worship

An act prohibited during elections, such as using places of worship for political campaigning.

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Election Expenses

The total cost of conducting an election, including government expenses, party spending, and candidate expenditures.

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Per Voter Cost of Elections

The amount of money spent per voter in conducting elections.

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Are Elections a Burden on India?

The argument that elections are too expensive for a developing country like India.

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Cost of Nuclear Submarines

The cost of buying six nuclear submarines from France.

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Cost of Commonwealth Games

The cost of hosting the Commonwealth Games in Delhi.

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Comparing Election Expenses with Other Expenditures

The decision to compare the cost of elections to other expenditures, like nuclear submarines or the Commonwealth Games, to evaluate whether elections are too expensive.

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Vote's Impact

The belief that casting a vote can influence political decisions and bring about positive change for the voter.

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Election Studies

Surveys and studies conducted to gather data on the opinions and behaviors of voters.

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Elections

The process of choosing representatives through a formal vote, typically for government positions.

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Political Parties

The organizations that aim to win elections and implement their policies.

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Policies and Programs

The actions and programs that a government implements.

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Voting Rights

The right to express one's preference through voting.

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Election Outcome

The outcome of an election, reflecting the choices made by voters.

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Free and Fair Elections

The perception that the electoral process is conducted fairly and without undue influence.

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Election Meeting or Rally

An event where people gather to discuss political matters and support candidates.

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Acceptance of Election Outcome

The extent to which an individual believes their vote can make a difference in shaping policies.

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Indian Election Outcomes

In India, ruling parties frequently lose elections, both nationally and in individual states. This contrasts with the US where incumbent politicians tend to win more often.

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Acceptance of Election Results in India

In India, losing parties generally accept the election outcome. This indicates that despite occasional disputes, the electoral process is largely perceived as legitimate by participants.

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Election Outcomes & Candidate Practices

Candidates who engage in questionable practices, such as spending large sums on vote buying or having criminal connections, often face defeat in Indian elections.

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Family Politics in India

The use of family connections within parties to secure election tickets, often referred to as 'family politics', has become a point of concern in India, with critics arguing that it undermines meritocratic principles and fair competition.

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Electoral Dynamics in India

The text suggests that the frequent loss of elections by ruling parties in India underscores a dynamic electoral environment where voters are not always bound by loyalty to incumbents or existing power structures.

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Voter Turnout

The percentage of eligible voters who participate in an election.

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Indian Voter Turnout Trend

The trend of voter turnout in India has either stayed the same or increased over time.

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Voter Participation by Socioeconomic Status in India

In India, poorer and less educated people vote in greater numbers compared to wealthier and more privileged groups.

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Voter Participation by Socioeconomic Status in Western Democracies

The opposite is true in Western democracies, where wealthy and privileged groups tend to vote more frequently.

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Voter Interest in Elections

The level of involvement in election-related activities, such as campaigning or discussing politics, is growing over time.

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Voter Participation in Campaign Activities

More than a third of voters participated in campaign-related activities during the 2004 Indian elections.

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Rational Voting Behavior

The way in which voters make decisions based on rational considerations, like their own interests or the policies of candidates.

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Rationalization

The process of simplifying or clarifying information to make it easier to understand.

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Democratic Politics

The system of government where citizens have the power to elect their leaders.

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Study Notes

Chapter 3: Electoral Politics

  • Democracies use representatives instead of direct rule by the people
  • Elections are essential for representatives to be chosen
  • Electoral competition among parties benefits the people
  • Democratic elections differ from non-democratic elections

Overview of Elections in India

  • Elections in India involve various stages, from constituency delineation to result declaration
  • Each stage is evaluated to assess whether Indian elections are free and fair
  • The Election Commission plays a role in ensuring free and fair elections

Why Elections?

  • People are often unhappy with the existing government
  • Election candidates often promise positive changes, like loan waivers for farmers, attracting voters
  • Election results can lead to government changes and policy shifts
  • After elections the previous Chief Minister may resign
  • The text discusses the importance of political competition in democratic elections
  • Elections should be regular and fair to ensure that those the people want in power are elected
  • Voters have responsibilities in elections
  • Elections in India benefit from the efforts of the Election Commission, preventing issues like voter intimidation, undue influence, or voter issues such as fraud or rigging.
  • Many factors, like money, influence voter decisions

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of electoral politics in democracies, with a focus on the processes involved in Indian elections. Understand the importance of free and fair elections, the role of the Election Commission, and the impact of political competition on governance. This quiz covers key concepts and stages of the electoral system.

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