Elective 003: Peace Education

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Questions and Answers

Which definition of peace suggests that it is simply the absence of war?

Johan Galtung

Raymond Aron

Birgit Brock-Utne

Hugo Grotius (correct)

What does the term 'structural violence' refer to?

Personal violence like rape and child abuse

Violence embedded in the social or economic systems (correct)

Violence stemming from political disagreements

Violence occurring from direct military action

How did the understanding of peace shift in the late 1960s?

From strong military presence to weak state governance

From a focus on direct violence to organized violence only

From positive to negative interpretations of peace

From peace as simply the absence of conflict to include social justice (correct)

Which definition indicates that peace includes justice and human well-being?

Holistic concept of peace Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the idea that structural violence leads to deprivation due to wealth disparity?

Johan Galtung Signup and view all the answers

What is the narrow definition of peace according to Raymond Aron?

A condition of more or less lasting units Signup and view all the answers

Which type of violence includes collective violence such as wars between states?

Organized violence Signup and view all the answers

Which term best represents conditions leading to death and suffering but not direct physical harm?

Structural violence Signup and view all the answers

What does the right to a fair and public hearing entail?

The right to a hearing by an impartial tribunal. Signup and view all the answers

Which right ensures that no one can be declared guilty without trial?

Presumption of innocence until proven guilty. Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for marriage according to Article 16?

Marriage must have free and full consent of both parties. Signup and view all the answers

What does the right to education guarantee?

Education should be free and compulsory at the elementary level. Signup and view all the answers

Which right allows individuals to leave a country and return to their own?

Right to freedom of movement and residence. Signup and view all the answers

What is a provision regarding motherhood and childhood?

They are entitled to special care. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding cultural rights?

Everyone is entitled to participate in cultural life. Signup and view all the answers

What is the central goal of attaining nirvana according to Buddhist teachings?

To attain liberation from suffering Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 15 state about nationality?

No arbitrary deprivation of nationality is permitted. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes that human rights are applicable to all individuals without discrimination?

Universality Signup and view all the answers

What does the Dalai Lama highlight as essential to human happiness?

Concern for others and relationships Signup and view all the answers

What does the Law of Karma state about actions?

Good and bad actions have consequences for oneself and others Signup and view all the answers

Which body promotes and protects human rights worldwide?

United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) Signup and view all the answers

When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?

December 10, 1948 Signup and view all the answers

What does the Middle Path advocate as per Buddhist beliefs?

Finding balance in life Signup and view all the answers

What date is recognized globally as International Human Rights Day?

December 10 Signup and view all the answers

What defines negative peace?

Absence of direct violence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an aspect of positive peace?

Equal distribution of resources Signup and view all the answers

According to Johan Galtung, which of the following is essential for human survival?

Nature's ability to sustain itself Signup and view all the answers

What does Betty Reardon highlight as a unique aspect of violence?

It must be intentional harm inflicted by humans Signup and view all the answers

What commandment is referred to as central in the context of love and reconciliation?

Love one another Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best supports a sound business environment as described?

Strong economic conditions and institutions Signup and view all the answers

What transformative initiative does Jesus call for regarding peacemaking?

Being proactive in creating peace Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best encapsulates the notion of overcoming evil as described?

Overcome evil with good Signup and view all the answers

What right does Article 30 emphasize regarding the family?

The right to protection by society and the state. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the content of Article 17?

Individuals have the right to own property alone or with others. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)?

To address women's needs from a human rights perspective. Signup and view all the answers

How does UNSCR 1325 aim to support women's roles in peace and security?

By providing a political structure but lacking detailed guidance. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the four pillars outlined in UNSCR 1325?

Participation in decision-making. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, how is a child defined?

Anyone under the age of 18 unless specified otherwise. Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 20 guarantee regarding peaceful assembly?

No one can be compelled to join an association. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for including women in peace processes?

They are disproportionately affected by conflict. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Indirect and Structural Violence

Indirect Violence: Structural issues like economic inequality and repression shorten life spans and reduce quality of life.
Organized Violence: Collective violence, including wars between or within states.
Unorganized Violence: Personal acts of violence, such as rape and domestic abuse.

Early Definitions of Peace

Hugo Grotius (1625): Defined peace as the absence of war or direct violence.
Raymond Aron (1966): Narrowly defined peace related to political stability and the suspension of violent rivalry.
Negative Formulation: Early thinkers viewed peace primarily as the absence of death from war.

Emergence of Alternative Views on Peace

Late 1960s Shift: Focus moved towards indirect or structural violence embedded in societal systems.
Structural Violence: Encompasses extreme poverty, avoidable diseases, discrimination, and human rights denial.
Johan Galtung: Noted that structural violence arises when wealth from affluent nations exploits poorer nations, leading to deprivation.

Toward a Holistic Concept of Peace

Broader Understanding: Peace involves eradication of injustice and fosters human and ecological well-being.
Negative vs. Positive Peace:
- Negative Peace refers to the absence of direct violence.
- Positive Peace emphasizes social justice, equity, and egalitarian structures.

Peace and Nature

Peace with Nature: Human survival depends on nature’s ability to sustain itself; neglecting nature can lead to conflict.
Ecological Well-Being: Central to achieving positive peace.

Conceptual Map of Violence

Betty Reardon: Defines violence as human-inflicted harm, distinguishing it from natural harm.
Direct Violence: Involves physical harm, such as war and domestic abuse.

8 Pillars of Peace

Well-Functioning Government: Essential for quality public services, political stability, and citizen trust.
Sound Business Environment: Strong economies correlate with peaceful societies.

Compassion and Non-Violence

Buddhist Teachings: Emphasize compassion and the value of those who do not harm others.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

Definition: Rights inherent to all individuals, regardless of status.
Adoption: Drafted by UN in 1948, initiated by Eleanor Roosevelt.
International Human Rights Day: Celebrated globally on December 10.

Classification of Human Rights

Core Principles:
- Universality ensures rights apply to everyone.
- Rights are interdependent and indivisible.

Key Articles of the UDHR

Right to Education: Must be accessible and promote human rights values.
Right to Fair Trial: Everyone entitled to a public hearing by an impartial tribunal.
Rights Related to Family: Family must be protected by society and the state.
Freedom of Thought and Expression: Includes the right to change beliefs and express opinions.

Key Conventions on Human Rights

CEDAW: Addresses women's needs and promotes gender equality in rights.
UNSCR 1325: Framework for promoting women's roles in peace and security.

Convention on the Rights of the Child

Definition of Child: Anyone under 18 years, unless national law states otherwise.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of peace and violence, focusing on indirect violence and structural issues such as economic inequality and repression of freedoms. It also covers early definitions of peace as outlined by Birgit Brock-Utne. Test your understanding of these crucial topics related to peace education.