Peace Education Chapter 12 Quiz

Conflict Resolution

• Traditional African personalities in conflict resolution include elders, kings, and secret societies, but not judges.
• Methods of conflict resolution include advocacy, mediation, adjudication, and negotiation.

Peace Education

• Peace education refers to teachings about peace.
• Objectives of peace education include achieving a more peaceful future for humanity, creating a nonviolent and peaceful co-existent society, and creating awareness of human dignity and human rights.
• Peace education draws on existing knowledge of peace building in the community, provides an understanding of peace, human rights, and social justice, and provides opportunities for students to put peacemaking into practice.
• In Ireland, peace education is also known as Education for Mutual Understanding.
• Forms of peace education include formal peace education, environmental peace education, and development peace education.
• Negative peace is the act of averting war or stopping violence, while positive peace removes the causes of violence.
• The full meaning of UNICEF is United Children Emergency Fund.
• Challenges of peace education include creating a ripple effect, enhancing sustainability, and addressing differences in methods of approach.
• Measures of formal peace education include teacher training and development, curriculum development, and enhancement of the school environment.
• Subjects taught under peace education include history, religion, and music, but not mathematics.

Types of Peace

• Pax, eirene, and shalom are words for peace in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, respectively.
• The Arabic word for peace is Salaam.
• According to Einstein, peace is not the absence of war, but rather the absence of justice.
• Johan Galtung is regarded as the father of peace.
• Galtung understands peace in relation to violence, and identifies three types of violence: self-violence, direct violence, and structural violence.
• The absence of direct violence is referred to as negative peace, while the absence of direct, structural, and cultural violence is referred to as positive peace.

Peace Psychology

• Peace psychology is a field of social science that seeks to develop theories and practices aimed at preventing and controlling direct and structural violence.
• Peace is the maintenance of minimal conditions that enable efficient social processes in human society.
• Facilitation of nonviolent management of conflict is referred to as peace.
• The enthronement of conditions that ensure social justice in order to minimize conflict is regarded as peace.
• Conflict is the perception of incompatible goals, which if not properly managed, may intensify to violence.
• World War I occurred between 1914 and 1918, while World War II occurred between 1939 and 1945.
• The concept of peace psychology in the scientific literature only became pronounced between the 1940s and 1950s.
• The United Nations celebrated the International Year of Peace in 1986.
• Dramatization of conflict is referred to as cultural violence.
• Direct violence is also known as personal violence.
• Structural violence manifests in the emergence and maintenance of conditions in the structure of society that inhibit people from attaining satisfaction of their basic needs for existence.