28 Questions
What is the primary function of the talus bone in the ankle?
Transmits weight from the tibia to the calcaneus and navicular
What type of joint is the ankle (talocrural) joint, and what movements does it allow?
Synovial hinge joint, allowing plantar flexion (30-50 degrees) and dorsiflexion (20-30 degrees)
What is the primary function of the subtalar joint (talocalcaneal), and what movements does it allow?
Articulation between talus and calcaneus, allowing rotational movements (inversion and eversion) of 20-30 degrees inversion and 5-15 degrees eversion
What movements do the midtarsal joints and tarsometatarsal joints allow?
Supination/inversion and pronation/eversion, and gliding movements that contribute to inversion and eversion
What is the range of movement for the metatarsophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints?
45 deg flexion/70 deg extension for metatarsophalangeal joints, and 90 deg flexion/0 deg extension for interphalangeal joints
Why does the ankle become less stable when the foot is plantarflexed?
Because the talus bone has less movement laterally when dorsiflexed, making it more stable, and more movement laterally when plantarflexed, making it less stable
What is the term for the site where the three bones of the pelvis converge?
Acetabular fossa
What is the name of the bony prominence located on the posterior surface of the ilium?
Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
What is the name of the hollow on the head of the femur that provides attachment for the ligamentum teres?
Fovea capitis
What is the term for the line connecting the centre of the femoral head with the centre of the knee joint?
Mechanical Axis of Femur
What is the name of the cartilaginous structure that surrounds the acetabulum?
Acetabular labrum
What is the anatomical structure formed by the flexor retinaculum and carpal bones?
The carpal tunnel
What is the function of the pelvis in the human body?
It unites the trunk with the lower portion of the body and supports the weight of the body transmitted through the vertebral column
What type of joint is the elbow joint complex, and what are the two inter-related joints that comprise it?
The elbow joint complex is a synovial hinge joint, and it consists of the humeroulnar joint and the humeroradial joint.
What type of joint is the hip joint, and what bones are involved in its formation?
A ball and socket joint, where the head of the femur articulates with the acetabular fossa of the pelvic girdle
What are the bony landmarks of the distal humerus?
The bony landmarks of the distal humerus include medial and lateral epicondyles, trochlea, capitulum, coronoid fossa, and olecrannon fossa.
What is the significance of the pubic symphysis in the pelvis?
It is the joint where the right and left pelvic bones (innominates) join anteriorly
What is the relationship between the radius and ulna in the forearm?
The radius lies lateral to the ulna, and the radius is shorter than the ulna.
What are the three components of the pelvis bone?
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
What is the function of the trochlear notch of the ulna?
The trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus, forming the humeroulnar joint.
What is the role of the sacroiliac joints in the pelvis?
They unite the pelvis with the sacrum and are supported by strong ligaments
What is the purpose of the coronoid fossa of the humerus?
The coronoid fossa of the humerus receives the coronoid process of the ulna during elbow flexion.
What is the carrying angle of the elbow, and what is its significance?
The carrying angle is a lateral valgus angle between the upper arm and forearm, and it allows for easy carrying of objects.
What is the relationship between the rate of loading and the stiffness of a bone?
A higher rate of loading results in greater stiffness, allowing the bone to handle greater loads before it fails.
What is the term for the difference between the loading and unloading curves of a material, and what does it represent?
The term is hysteresis, and it represents the energy lost during the loading and unloading process.
What is the difference between acute and chronic loading, and how do they affect the failure of a material like bone?
Acute loading is a single, high-load event that can cause failure, whereas chronic loading is repeated cycles of loading and unloading that can also lead to failure. Examples of acute loading include a bone fracture from a football tackle, while chronic loading can cause gradual wear and tear on the bone.
What is the range of maximum tensile strength for bone?
The maximum tensile strength of bone is between 80-150 MPa.
What are the three main properties of bone, and how do they affect its behavior?
The three main properties of bone are that it is fairly inelastic, viscoelastic, and anisotropic. These properties mean that bone is not very flexible, its behavior changes over time, and its behavior varies depending on the direction of loading.
Test your knowledge of the elbow joint complex, including its composition, types of joints, and the bones involved. Learn about the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints, and how they enable movement in the upper limb. Get ready to flex your muscles and show off your anatomy skills!
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