Elbow Joint and Forearm Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What is the type of synovial joint found at the elbow?

  • Condyloid joint
  • Saddle joint
  • Pivot joint
  • Hinge joint (correct)
  • Which of the following muscles does not produce a hinge movement at the elbow?

  • Triceps brachii
  • Brachialis (correct)
  • Branchioradialis
  • Biceps brachii
  • What is the purpose of the oblique band of the ulnar collateral ligament?

  • Stabilizing the proximal radioulnar joint
  • Strengthening the medial aspect of the joint capsule
  • Deepening the socket for the trochlea (correct)
  • Facilitating flexion of the elbow
  • What is the relationship between the ulna and humerus at full extension of the elbow?

    <p>The ulna makes an angle of 170º with the humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament blends with the annular ligament at the elbow?

    <p>Radial collateral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the joint capsule at the elbow?

    <p>It is strengthened by the collateral ligaments medially and laterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the carrying angle of the forearm?

    <p>It is more pronounced in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the interosseous membrane in the forearm?

    <p>To distribute force from the radius to the ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the complete loss of contact of the joint surfaces?

    <p>Dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that separates the cavity of the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist cavity?

    <p>Articular disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for supination of the forearm?

    <p>Supinator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition in which the head of the radius subluxates from the annular ligament?

    <p>Pulled elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that attaches to the ulna and forms a ligamentous collar around the radial notch?

    <p>Annular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the joint that articulates the distal radius and articular disk with the proximal carpal bones?

    <p>Radiocarpal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the partial dislocation of a joint, where the bone ends are misaligned but still in contact?

    <p>Subluxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Elbow and Joints of the Forearm

    • The elbow joint is a hinge type synovial joint that allows for flexion and extension movements.
    • At full extension, the ulna makes an angle of 170º with the humerus (long axis), and the forearm is angled further away from the trunk in females.
    • The muscles involved in producing hinge movements at the elbow are:
      • Biceps brachii
      • Triceps brachii
      • Brachioradialis

    Capsule and Ligaments of the Elbow

    • The elbow joint capsule is weak anteriorly and posteriorly, but strengthened by collateral ligaments medially and laterally.
    • The ulnar collateral ligament has three bands: anterior (strongest), posterior, and oblique (deepens the socket for the trochlea).
    • The radial collateral ligament is fan-like and blends with the annular ligament.

    Bursae of the Elbow

    • There are several bursae associated with the elbow joint, including:
      • Subcutaneous olecranon bursa
      • Subtendinous olecranon bursa

    Neurovascular Supply of the Elbow

    • The radial nerve passes anterior to the lateral epicondyle, while the ulnar nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle.
    • Hilton's law states that the neurovascular supply of the elbow involves arterial anastomoses formed by collateral arteries and recurrent branches of the ulnar, radial, and interosseous arteries.

    Radioulnar Joints

    • The radioulnar joints consist of:
      • Proximal radioulnar joint (pivot joint)
      • Interosseous membrane (fibrous joint)
      • Distal radioulnar joint (pivot joint)
    • The proximal radioulnar joint involves movement of the head of the radius on the capitulum of the humerus.
    • The annular ligament is a ligamentous collar attached to the ulna, anterior and posterior to its radial notch.

    Pronation and Supination

    • Pronation and supination involve movement at the elbow and forearm joints (proximal and distal).
    • The head of the radius pivots on the capitulum of the humerus.
    • The supinator, biceps brachii, pronator quadratus, and pronator teres are muscles involved in pronation and supination.

    Distal Radioulnar Joint

    • The distal radioulnar joint involves the articulation of the rounded head of the ulna with the ulnar notch on the medial border of the radius.
    • The articular disk is the main structure affording joint integrity and separates the cavity of the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist cavity.

    Wrist

    • The wrist joint consists of:
      • Radiocarpal joint (articulation of distal radius and articular disk with proximal carpal bones)
      • Osteology of the radius and carpus (distal radius and proximal row of carpal bones)

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