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Questions and Answers
Which fat pad is typically visible on a lateral elbow projection?
Which fat pad is typically visible on a lateral elbow projection?
What may the supinator fat stripe indicate in a patient?
What may the supinator fat stripe indicate in a patient?
What is a characteristic of osteomyelitis?
What is a characteristic of osteomyelitis?
In a medial oblique projection of the elbow, how are the proximal radius and ulna seen?
In a medial oblique projection of the elbow, how are the proximal radius and ulna seen?
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Which condition is NOT typically associated with the elbow joint?
Which condition is NOT typically associated with the elbow joint?
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What structure is best visualized in a medial oblique projection of the elbow?
What structure is best visualized in a medial oblique projection of the elbow?
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Which position is recommended for a lateral projection of the elbow?
Which position is recommended for a lateral projection of the elbow?
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What clinical condition can be assessed using the lateral projection of the elbow?
What clinical condition can be assessed using the lateral projection of the elbow?
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At what degree should the arm be rotated inward during a medial oblique projection?
At what degree should the arm be rotated inward during a medial oblique projection?
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What evaluation criterion is important in assessing the radial head and neck during elbow imaging?
What evaluation criterion is important in assessing the radial head and neck during elbow imaging?
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What is the common name for the trochlear notch?
What is the common name for the trochlear notch?
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Which elbow projection demonstrates the radial head and neck along with the capitulum of the humerus most effectively?
Which elbow projection demonstrates the radial head and neck along with the capitulum of the humerus most effectively?
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What is the proper CR location for an AP elbow projection?
What is the proper CR location for an AP elbow projection?
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How much should the elbow be flexed for a lateral elbow projection?
How much should the elbow be flexed for a lateral elbow projection?
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Which Coyle method requires the hand to be pronated?
Which Coyle method requires the hand to be pronated?
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What is the primary function of the trochlea in the elbow joint?
What is the primary function of the trochlea in the elbow joint?
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Which part of the humerus is known as the lateral condyle and articulates with the radial head?
Which part of the humerus is known as the lateral condyle and articulates with the radial head?
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Which fossa receives the coronoid process during elbow flexion?
Which fossa receives the coronoid process during elbow flexion?
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What condition is depicted when the elbow is flexed at 90˚ with three concentric arcs visible?
What condition is depicted when the elbow is flexed at 90˚ with three concentric arcs visible?
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What is the location of the medial epicondyle on the humerus?
What is the location of the medial epicondyle on the humerus?
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Which of the following structures is part of the distal humerus and contributes to elbow articulation?
Which of the following structures is part of the distal humerus and contributes to elbow articulation?
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Why might specific projections of the elbow be requested during imaging?
Why might specific projections of the elbow be requested during imaging?
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What is the smooth depressed center of the trochlea called?
What is the smooth depressed center of the trochlea called?
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Which depression on the distal humerus specifically receives the radial head?
Which depression on the distal humerus specifically receives the radial head?
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What structure is located at the posterior part of the distal humerus and facilitates the extension of the arm?
What structure is located at the posterior part of the distal humerus and facilitates the extension of the arm?
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What is the purpose of the Axial Lateromedial Projection?
What is the purpose of the Axial Lateromedial Projection?
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Which statement about the axial medial-lateral projection is true?
Which statement about the axial medial-lateral projection is true?
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What is the clinical indication for using the Coyle Method?
What is the clinical indication for using the Coyle Method?
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What position should the hand be in for the Axial Lateromedial Projection?
What position should the hand be in for the Axial Lateromedial Projection?
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Which of the following is part of the evaluation criteria for the axial medial-lateral projection?
Which of the following is part of the evaluation criteria for the axial medial-lateral projection?
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How many projections are taken for the radial head laterals?
How many projections are taken for the radial head laterals?
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Which fossa of the humerus receives the radial head?
Which fossa of the humerus receives the radial head?
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What is the recommended angle of the CR in the Coyle Method for the Axial Lateromedial Projection?
What is the recommended angle of the CR in the Coyle Method for the Axial Lateromedial Projection?
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Study Notes
Elbow Anatomy
- The humerus is the long bone of the upper arm.
- The distal humerus is the expanded end of the humerus near the elbow.
- The humeral condyle articulates with the ulna and radius.
- The trochlea is the medial condyle that articulates with the ulna.
- The capitulum is the lateral condyle that articulates with the radial head.
- The trochlear sulcus is the smooth depressed center of the trochlea.
- The lateral epicondyle is a small projection located on the lateral aspect of the distal humerus, superior to the capitulum.
- The medial epicondyle is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle and is located on the medial edge of the distal humerus.
- The coronoid fossa is an anterior depression located more medially and receives the coronoid process.
- The radial fossa is a more lateral anterior depression that receives the radial head.
- The olecranon fossa is a posterior depression that houses the olecranon process of the ulna when the arm is fully extended.
Elbow Fat Pads
- There are three significant fat pads or stripes near the elbow:
- Anterior fat pad
- Posterior fat pad
- Supinator fat stripe
Elbow Projections
-
True lateral elbow:
- Evaluates for three concentric arcs:
- Trochlear sulcus
- Capitulum
- Trochlea
- Evaluates for three concentric arcs:
-
Medial (internal) oblique elbow:
- Best visualizes coronoid process of ulna and trochlea
- Hand is pronated and rotated internally
- CR perpendicular to IR directed to mid-elbow joint
- Radial head and neck should be superimposed and centered over proximal ulna.
-
Lateral (lateromedial) oblique elbow:
- Shoulder should be on the same plane as the forearm
- Hand and wrist are in a true lateral position
- CR perpendicular to IR, directed to the mid-elbow joint
-
Trauma Axial Laterals (Coyle method):
-
Axial lateromedial projection:
- Radial head is best visualized
-
Axial mediolateral projection:
- Coronoid process is best visualized
-
Radial head laterals:
- 4 projections are needed
- Hand in supination, true lateral, pronation, and internal rotation
- CR perpendicular to IR and directed at the radial head
-
Axial lateromedial projection:
Pathologies of the Elbow
- Osteomyelitis: Infection of bone or bone marrow, often caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery.
- Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae, fluid-filled sacs that enclose the joints. Causes pain and limited movement.
- Osteopetrosis: Abnormally dense bone condition, often referred to as “marble bone”.
Other Key Facts
- The trochlear notch is another name for the olecranon fossa.
- The proximal radius and ulna are slightly superimposed on an AP elbow projection.
- The medial oblique projection completely superimposes the proximal radius and ulna.
- The CR location for an AP elbow projection is perpendicular to the IR, centered to the mid-elbow joint.
- The hand is positioned in a natural palm-down position for an AP elbow projection.
- You can locate the mid-elbow joint by palpation.
- The SID for an elbow projection is 40 inches.
- The optimal elbow flexion for a lateral elbow projection is 90 degrees.
- The shoulder should be on the same plane as the forearm for a lateral elbow projection.
- The CR for a lateral projection is perpendicular to the IR, directed to the mid-elbow joint.
- The axial lateromedial projection from the Coyle method is best for visualizing the radial head.
- For the axial mediolateral projection, the CR is angled 45 degrees towards the shoulder.
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Description
This quiz explores the key structures and features of elbow anatomy, including the humerus, ulna, and radius. Test your knowledge on the various condyles, epicondyles, and fossa associated with the elbow joint. Perfect for students of anatomy or anyone interested in human anatomy.
