Untitled

• These notes cover various tenses in English grammar, outlining their usage, grammatical structure, and providing examples in both English and Traditional Chinese.

Future Forms (Will) 未來式(Will)

• This tense is used for decisions made at the moment of speaking or predictions about the future without evidence.
• 用於描述當下做出的決定或沒有證據的未來預測。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + will + base verb 主詞 + will + 動詞原形
  • Example: "I will call you later tonight." 我今晚稍後會打電話給你。
  • Example: "It will rain tomorrow according to the forecast." 根據天氣預報, 明天會下雨。

Future Forms (Be Going To) 未來式(Be Going To)

• It refers to planned actions or predictions based on present evidence about the future.
• 用於描述計劃好的行動或基於現有證據對未來的預測。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + is/am/are going to + base verb 主詞 + is/am/are going to + 動詞原形
  • Example: "She is going to visit her grandmother next week." 她下週將去探望她的祖母。
  • Example: "Look at those clouds! It is going to rain soon!" 看那些雲!很快就要下雨了!

Future Continuous Tense 未來進行式

• Describes ongoing actions that will be happening at a specific time in the future or as part of a plan/schedule in progress in the future.
• 描述未來某一特定時間正在進行的動作,或計劃中的活動。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + will be + verb(-ing) 主詞 + will be + 動詞-ing
  • Example: "This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Japan!" 明天這個時候,我將在飛往日本的途中!
  • Example: "They will be working on their project all afternoon tomorrow!" 明天下午他們將一直在做項目!

Future Perfect Tense 未來完成式

• Refers to actions that will have been completed by a certain point in the future, emphasizing completion before a deadline or event in the future timeline.
• 描述未來某一時間點之前完成的動作,強調截止日期前完成的情況。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + will have + past participle 主詞 + will have + 過去分詞
  • Example: "By next month, she will have finished her thesis!" 到下個月,她將完成她的論文!
  • Example: "We will have eaten dinner by the time you arrive!" 在你到達之前,我們就會吃完晚餐!

Simple Past Tense 簡單過去式

• To describe completed actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
• 用於描述過去某個特定時間發生的已完成動作。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + past tense verb 主詞 + 過去式動詞
  • Example: "I went to the park yesterday." 我昨天去了公園。
  • Example: "She cooked dinner last night." 她昨晚做了晚餐。

Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式

• Refers to actions that were ongoing at a specific time in the past or were interrupted by another action.
• 描述在過去某一特定時間正在進行的動作,或被另一個動作打斷的情況。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + was/were + verb(-ing) 主詞 + was/were +動詞-ing
  • Example: "I was watching TV when she called me." 她打電話給我的時候,我正在看電視。
  • Example: "They were playing football all afternoon yesterday." 他們昨天整個下午都在踢足球。

Past Perfect Tense 過去完成式

• Describes actions completed before another action or time in the past (past of the past).
• 描述在過去另一個動作或時間之前完成的動作 (過去的過去)。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + had + past participle 主詞 + had + 過去分詞
  • Example: "She had already left when I arrived at her house." 當我到她家時,她已經離開了。
  • Example: "By the time we got there, the movie had started." 當我們到達時,電影已經開始了。

Past Perfect Continuous Tense 過去完成進行式

• Refers to ongoing actions that were happening before another action or time in the past, emphasizing duration or continuity of the action before interruption or completion.
• 描述在過去另一個動作或時間之前正在進行的動作,強調持續性或連續性。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + had been + verb(-ing) 主詞 + had been + 動詞-ing
  • Example: "He had been studying for hours before he took a break." 他在休息前已經學習了幾個小時。
  • Example: "They had been living in New York for five years before moving to LA." 他們在搬到洛杉磯之前在紐約住了五年。

Simple Present Tense 簡單現在式

• Used for habitual actions, general truths, or facts.
• 用於描述習慣性動作、普遍真理或事實。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + base verb (+ s/es for third person singular) 主詞+動詞原形(+第三人稱單數加s/es)
  • Example: "She walks to school every day." 她每天步行上學。
  • Example: "The sun rises in the east." 太陽從東方升起。

Present Continuous Tense 現在進行式

• To describe actions happening now or temporary situations.
• 用於描述正在發生的動作或暫時的情況。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + is/am/are + verb(-ing) 主詞 + is/am/are + 動詞-ing
  • Example: "I am reading a book right now." 我正在閱讀一本書。
  • Example: "They are studying for their exams this week." 他們這週正在準備考試。

Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式

• Refers to actions that occurred at an unspecified time in the past or have relevance to the present.
• 用於描述過去某個不確定時間發生的動作,或與現在有關聯的動作。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + has/have + past participle 主詞 + has/have + 過去分詞
  • Example: "She has already finished her homework." 她已經完成了作業。
  • Example: "I have visited Paris twice." 我去過巴黎兩次。

Present Perfect Continuous Tense 現在完成進行式

• Indicates an action that started in the past and is still continuing or has recently stopped, emphasizing duration.
• 描述從過去開始並持續到現在的動作,或剛剛停止的動作,強調持續時間。
• Grammatical structure: Subject + has/have been + verb(-ing) 主詞 + has/have been + 動詞-ing
  • Example: "He has been working here since 2010." 他自2010年起就在這裡工作。
  • Example: "We have been waiting for an hour." 我們已經等了一個小時。

Sentence Structure: Positive, Negative, and Question Forms

• These notes provide the structures for writing sentences in positive, negative, and question forms for various tenses.
• It covers present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past simple, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future simple, future continuous and fúture perfect continuous.