Stems Module

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Questions and Answers

Which structure is responsible for growth in length in plants?

Stems (correct)

Flowers

Leaves

Roots

What is a function of the tunica in the stem?

To generate epidermis (correct)

To generate vascular tissue

To conduct fluids between roots and leaves

To provide structural support

What is the a function of the corpus in the stem?

To generate epidermis

To conduct fluids between roots and leaves

To provide structural support

To generate vascular tissue (correct)

Which type of stem growth occurs in woody dicots and gymnosperms?

Secondary growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the vascular cambium in secondary growth?

To produce both xylem and phloem Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wood is characteristic of cycads?

Manoxylic wood with alternating bands of xylem and parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant feature of wood in all other woody gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Alternating bands of xylem and parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem modification is characteristic of xerophytes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem modification is characteristic of bulbs?

Used for Storage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem modification is characteristic of tendrils?

Stretches and climbs for support Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Cycads have the early type of 'manoxylic' wood with alternating bands of xylem and parenchyma?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Monocot stems produce true wood?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Woody gymnosperms and angiosperms have 'pycnoxylic' wood where the cortex and pith are highly reduced?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Lenticels are found in the bark of trees and are responsible for gas exchange?

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of wood found in plants and how do they differ?

Cycads have 'manoxylic' wood with alternating bands of xylem and parenchyma, while all other woody gymnosperms and angiosperms have 'pycnoxylic' wood with highly reduced cortex and pith. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different stem modifications found in plants and what are their functions?

Stem modifications include xerophytes, rhizomes, stolons, tubers, corms, bulbs, tendrils, and thorns. Xerophytes help plants adapt to dry environments, rhizomes and stolons are involved in vegetative propagation, tubers and corms store nutrients, bulbs allow plants to survive harsh conditions, tendrils aid in climbing, and thorns provide protection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between monocot stems and dicot stems in terms of wood production?

Monocot stems do not produce true wood, while dicot stems can produce true wood. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stem Growth and Development

Stem growth in length is facilitated by the apical meristem.
The tunica in the stem is responsible for producing new cells, contributing to primary growth.
The corpus in the stem is where cell differentiation occurs, giving rise to specific cell types.

Secondary Growth

In woody dicots and gymnosperms, secondary growth occurs through the activity of the vascular cambium.
The vascular cambium is responsible for producing xylem and phloem tissues, resulting in an increase in stem diameter.

Types of Wood

Cycads are characterized by manoxylic wood, featuring alternating bands of xylem and parenchyma.
In all other woody gymnosperms and angiosperms, the dominant feature of wood is pycnoxylic wood, characterized by highly reduced cortex and pith.

Stem Modifications

Xerophytes often exhibit stem modifications such as succulence or thorns to conserve water.
Stem modifications in bulbs involve the storage of food and water, allowing plants to survive unfavorable conditions.
Tendrils are modified stems used for climbing and support.

True or False Statements

True: Cycads have manoxylic wood with alternating bands of xylem and parenchyma.
False: Monocot stems produce true wood.
True: Woody gymnosperms and angiosperms have pycnoxylic wood with reduced cortex and pith.
True: Lenticels are found in the bark of trees and are responsible for gas exchange.

Wood Types and Stem Modifications

The two types of wood found in plants are manoxylic and pycnoxylic wood, differing in their structure and cellular composition.
Stem modifications in plants serve various functions, including water conservation, food storage, and support.

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Description

Test your knowledge on vegetative structures in plants, specifically stems, primary growth, and secondary growth. Explore topics such as structural support, conduction of fluids, and the role of stems in photosynthesis. Learn about primary growth and its occurrence at the apical meristem. Get familiar with the tunica-corpus model and the division of tunica cells.