Plant Stem Elongation and Growth Regulation Quiz

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What is the primary function of the Casparian strip in the root endodermis?

To prevent the flow of water and nutrients from the xylem to the phloem
To facilitate the movement of water and nutrients from the soil to the leaves
To allow selective uptake of minerals and water from the soil
To create a tight seal that forces water and nutrients to move through the symplastic pathway (correct)

What is the primary driving force for the movement of water from the roots to the leaves in the transpiration stream?

Cohesion-tension (correct)
Capillary action
Osmotic pressure
Root pressure

What is the primary function of companion cells in the phloem?

To control the activity and transport of the adjacent sieve tube members (correct)
To facilitate the loading of sucrose into the phloem for long-distance transport
To regulate the water potential in the phloem sieve tubes
To provide structural support to the sieve tube elements

What is the primary role of the vascular cambium in the stem?

To produce xylem and phloem tissues for the transport of water and nutrients (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the apical meristems in the root and shoot?

To regulate the growth and development of the plant (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Casparian strip in the root endodermis in the context of water and nutrient transport?

To create a barrier that forces water and nutrients to move through the symplastic pathway (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of auxin in plant growth and development?

Promoting cell elongation and stem growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for the triple response observed in seedlings emerging from the soil?

Ethylene (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vascular system in plants?

Facilitating the movement of water, minerals, and organic compounds (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is primarily involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and stress responses?

Abscisic acid (ABA) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of brassinosteroids (BRs) in plant growth and development?

Promoting cell elongation and leaf expansion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which plant structure is primarily responsible for the directional growth of stems and roots in response to environmental cues?

Apical meristem (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 2-component receptor kinase in ABA signaling?

It promotes the expression of stress response regulators through a phosphorylation cascade. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key function of cytokinin signaling?

Promoting lateral bud growth and fruit growth in early development. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do phytochromes, the red/far-red light photoreceptors, regulate plant development?

They measure the duration of light exposure to determine flowering time and other developmental responses. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of brassinosteroids (BR) in regulating stomatal function?

BR induces stomatal closure by interacting with the ABA signaling pathway. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do radicals and swelling mats alter the orientation of cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls?

They activate signaling pathways that regulate the deposition and orientation of cellulose microfibrils. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the apical hook in plant development?

It helps the shoot apex emerge from the soil during germination. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage of embryo development?

Desication of the rapidly growing plant parts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the endosperm in embryo development?

It stores food reserves to feed the developing embryo (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the chemiosmotic model explain the directional transport of auxin?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of auxin in plant growth and development?

Initiating the process of double fertilization (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the zygote in embryo development?

It provides the initial cell for the formation of the embryo (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does auxin inactivation regulate plant growth and development?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force for the movement of water into the root?

Transpiration stream creating a negative pressure gradient (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about guard cells is correct?

Guard cells have a curved shape surrounding the stomatal pore (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does abscisic acid (ABA) regulate stomatal opening?

ABA activates proton pumps in the guard cells to promote stomatal closure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for the transport of sucrose from source to sink tissues?

Bulk flow driven by differences in osmotic pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about transcriptional regulation is correct?

Mutations in repressors can lead to constitutive expression of genes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for the movement of water from the roots to the leaves?

Transpiration stream creating a negative pressure gradient (D) Signup and view all the answers