Eicosanoids Precursors and Fatty Acid Metabolism

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What is the alternative pathway of converting DAG to arachidonic acid?

DAG is converted to MAG by DAG lipase and then broken down to arachidonic acid (correct)
DAG is converted to eicosatrienoic acid by LOX
DAG is converted to arachidonic acid by COX
DAG is converted to PGG2 by COX

What is the characteristic of eicosanoids that makes them susceptible to oxidation?

Presence of double bonds (correct)
Presence of single bonds
Absence of double bonds
Length of the fatty acid chain

Which enzyme converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins?

MAG lipase
COX (correct)
LOX
CYP450 epoxygenase

What is the result of TXA2 action in platelets?

Pro-coagulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PGE2 on the body?

Promoting fever, pain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of NSAID?

COX (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PGE compounds on the release of NE from sympathetic presynaptic nerve endings?

They inhibit the release (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurohormones is NOT promoted by PG compounds?

Insulin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for converting Leukotriene A4 to Leukotriene B4?

LTA4 hydrolase (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the airway, what is the effect of LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4?

They are powerful bronchoconstrictors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of LTB4 in the GIT?

It is a chemoattractant for neutrophils (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of LTC4 or LTD4 on myocardial contractility and coronary blood flow?

They decrease myocardial contractility and coronary blood flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of COX-1?

To maintain a protective barrier in the stomach against gastric acid (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following NSAIDs is selective for COX-2?

Celecoxib (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of inhibiting COX-1 on mucus secretion in the stomach?

It decreases mucus secretion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Gs protein receptor in the prostaglandin pathway?

It activates adenylyl cyclase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased cAMP levels on Protein Kinase A?

It activates Protein Kinase A (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between COX-1 and COX-2?

COX-1 is constitutive, while COX-2 is inducible (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of pain relief for paracetamol?

Affecting a different mechanism that does not involve inflammation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of low doses of aspirin on the body?

Antithrombotic effect (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary bronchodilator in the eicosanoid pathway?

PGE2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mediator of asthma in the eicosanoid pathway?

Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PGE1, PGE2, and PGI2 on the glomerular filtration rate?

Increase the glomerular filtration rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the secondary effect of PGE1, PGE2, and PGI2 on the renal system?

Increase water and Na+ excretion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of dinoprostone?

Inducing labor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which prostaglandin is used to treat impotence?

Alprostadil (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of prostacyclin?

It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of misoprostol in combination with mifepristone?

To terminate early pregnancies (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which prostaglandin is used to maintain ductus arteriosus patent in neonates?