EGEC4120 - Telecommunication Networks Quiz

The formula is Transmission Time (T) = Packet Size / Link Data Rate.

Frame Relay removes one complete layer of processing such as data checking and acknowledgments compared to X.25.

VCI and VPI are used to route data frames through the network by identifying the frames.

<p>Frame Relay supports data rates ranging from 1.544 Mbps to 44.376 Mbps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frame Relay is a connection-oriented protocol, and a virtual circuit must be established before data transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BECN notifies upstream nodes of congestion in the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DLCI is used to identify virtual circuits within the Frame Relay network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frame Relay uses packet-switching to allow multiple virtual circuits to share the same physical connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three planes are the user plane, control plane, and management plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VPI and VCI are used to uniquely identify a virtual path and a virtual circuit within the ATM network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advantages include simplified network architecture, increased performance and reliability, and reduced connection setup time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ATM cell is 53 bytes long, consisting of a 5-byte header and a 48-byte payload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The GFC field controls data flow between the first ATM switch and the user node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fixed-size cells can reduce queuing delays for high-priority cells, allowing them to be processed faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The UNI header includes the GFC field, while the NNI header includes a Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) instead of GFC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fixed-size cells simplify the switching mechanism, allowing for efficient processing at very high data rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Banks, securities firms, large enterprises, and government departments can benefit from Frame Relay technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission time is calculated using the formula: $T = \frac{F}{R}$, where $F$ is frame size and $R$ is link data rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATM was developed to overcome the delays caused by variable-sized packets in traditional packet-switched networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ATM cell is 53 bytes in size, consisting of a 5-byte header and a 48-byte payload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virtual channels (VCs) in ATM networks provide a connection between source and destination for cell transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATM cell relay provides variable-bit-rate (VBR) service for data and constant-bit-rate (CBR) service for voice and video.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frame Relay does not support constant-bit-rate (CBR) service, while ATM offers both CBR and variable-bit-rate (VBR) services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet-switched data communication in wide area networks (WAN). It is primarily used in low-quality application networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATM uses time division multiplexing (TDM) to efficiently encode data into fixed-size cells for transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The logical channel number (LCN) identifies the virtual circuit in X.25 networks, facilitating the organization of data transmissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LAPB is responsible for higher-layer protocol checking in X.25, ensuring reliable data transmission over the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transmission capacity for a DTE in an X.25 network typically ranges from 75 Kbps to 192 Kbps, up to 2 Mbps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common applications of X.25 technology include automated teller machine (ATM) networks and credit card verification networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X.25 is considered safe and secure due to its multiple layer processing and data integrity checks across various protocol layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main drawbacks of using X.25 include its low data rate compared to other WAN technologies and the lack of guaranteed quality of service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transmission time is approximately 131 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The payload type specifies whether the cell contains user information or network operational information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It defines the priority of cells in queues and determines which cells are discarded first during overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HEC is a checksum for the first 4 bytes that detects multiple errors and corrects a single error in the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class A service provides constant-bit-rate (CBR) support, primarily for voice and video applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AAL1 supports constant-bit-rate traffic for voice and video and has no requirements for error detection or recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AAL2 accommodates variable-bit-rate traffic requiring timing maintenance, with timing info transmitted in the header.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AAL3/4 provides both connection-oriented service of class C and connectionless service of class D but is overly complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance cells are used by the network to perform operations like error correction, particularly during congestion scenarios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AAL5 supports variable-bit-rate traffic without timing relationships, and it has minimal overhead due to the lack of enhanced services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class D/AAL3/4 is significant as it supports variable-bit-rate traffic without requiring connection establishment, making it suitable for datagram transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATM technology was once expected to be a major backbone for telecommunications but is declining in importance as LAN and IP switching technology evolve to handle higher data rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADSL is specified to transmit ATM cells, indicating that ATM technology serves as the foundation for certain access technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transmission time is approximately 2.74 milliseconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total Delay is calculated using the formula: Total Delay = Transmission time + Propagation time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission Time (T) is defined as T = Cell Size (C) / Link Data Rate (R).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parameters needed include Cell Size (C), Link Data Rates (R), Distance, and Propagation Speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The time it takes to transmit a single packet over a network link, calculated by dividing the packet size by the link's data rate.

The total time required to send all packets of a message over a network, calculated by multiplying the time to transmit one packet by the number of packets.

A packet-switched data communication technology designed to address the limitations of X.25 (previous technology) and connect LANs and devices over WANs.

A unique identifier assigned to each virtual circuit, helping to route frames through the network.

Also used to route frames, but for large groups of virtual circuits, essentially a 'superhighway' lane.

The simplified protocol used in frame relay networks, removing complex data checking and acknowledgement procedures to improve speed.

A unique identifier for each virtual circuit in a frame relay network, similar to a specific address for data on a highway.

A mechanism used in frame relay networks to manage congestion, ensuring efficient network operation by notifying upstream or downstream nodes about congestion.

The user plane handles the actual transmission of user data, including mechanisms for managing data flow and addressing errors.

The control plane manages call setup, connection establishment, and other control functions, ensuring smooth communication.

The management plane oversees the overall network health, managing resources and coordination between the different planes.

A virtual path is a logical connection between ATM switches, providing a dedicated channel for high-speed data transmission.

A virtual circuit is a specific connection within a virtual path, allowing individual data flows to be identified and managed.

The ATM cell is the fundamental unit of data transmission, carrying user data and control information.

The Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) is an identifier that distinguishes between different virtual paths within a network.

The Virtual Circuit Identifier (VCI) is an identifier that distinguishes between different virtual circuits within a virtual path.

A WAN technology that uses packets to communicate data over wide area networks.

X.25 is a WAN protocol that uses a dedicated connection between two computers, established before any data is exchanged, analogous to a telephone call.

LAPB (Link Access Protocol - Balanced) is a protocol used in X.25 to manage and organize data transmission between the Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE).

X.25 prioritizes data security and integrity with multiple levels of error checking throughout the protocol. It uses multiple layers of protocols to verify the reliability of the data exchanged between computers.

X.25 was designed for low-quality networks and doesn't provide guaranteed quality of service. There is no guarantee about the speed or reliability of the network, but it is a relatively safe and secure way to transmit data over slower networks.

X.25 is a dated technology that is not widely used today. Other technologies like Frame Relay and ATM have surpassed X.25 in terms of speed and capabilities.

A Packet Assembler/Disassembler (PAD) in X.25 is a device that converts data between different formats, allowing devices with different communication protocols to communicate with each other.

A packet-switching exchange (PSE) in X.25 is a specialized device responsible for switching packets between different virtual circuits, routing them to their destination.

Frame Relay is a packet-switching technology that uses variable-sized frames for data transmission.

Frame Relay is used in various applications, including banking, finance, government, and large enterprises, due to its efficiency and scalability.

Frame Relay can be used to connect local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs), improving the utilization of leased line bandwidth.

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a cell-relay technology that utilizes fixed-size frames called 'cells' for data transfer.

ATM uses time division multiplexing (TDM) to share network bandwidth efficiently. Each cell is assigned a specific time slot on the network medium.

ATM networks are connection-oriented, meaning that a dedicated path is established before data transmission.

ATM cells are 53 bytes in size, with a 5-byte header containing routing information and a 48-byte payload for data.

ATM offers both variable-bit-rate (VBR) service for data and constant-bit-rate (CBR) service for voice and video applications.

Identifies the type of data in an ATM cell. Determines if the cell contains user information, network information, or maintenance data.

A bit indicating the priority of a cell in an ATM network. Used for congestion management.

A checksum for the first 4 bytes of an ATM cell, ensuring data integrity and detecting errors. Multiple errors are discarded, but single errors can be corrected.

A service class in ATM for constant-bit-rate applications like voice and video calls, guaranteeing consistent data flow.

A service class in ATM for variable-bit-rate applications with timing information, typically used for voice and video with varying data rates.

A service class in ATM for variable-bit-rate applications, suitable for data with fluctuating rates and no strict timing requirements.

A service class in ATM for connectionless transfer of short data messages, without connection establishment steps.

An adaptation layer for ATM networks, used for CBR traffic, mainly for voice and video. It's simpler because error detection and recovery are not required.

AAL5 is a simple and efficient ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) designed for variable-bit-rate traffic, particularly suitable for carrying LAN data bursts, with no timing requirements.

AAL5 does not provide enhanced services, resulting in low protocol overhead.

AAL5 is predominantly utilized for providing LAN interconnections over ATM networks.

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) technology involves dividing data into fixed-size cells (53 bytes) and transmitting them independently over a network.

ATM was initially envisioned as a high-speed backbone network technology for telecommunications operators.

While initially promising, ATM's relevance has decreased due to the advancement in LAN and IP switching technologies that handle higher data rates.

The transmission time is the time required to send an ATM cell across a link, calculated by dividing the cell size by the link data rate.

Propagation time refers to the time it takes for a signal to travel from the source to the destination, determined by the distance and the speed of propagation.