Botany 25: Flowering Plants Finals

Questions and Answers

What is the traditional name for flowering plants?

Gymnosperm

Angiosperm (correct)

Moss

Fungi

What structure in the ovary develops into a seed after fertilization?

Ovule

What does economic botany study?

Plants of economic importance

Which of the following are large classes of flowering plants? (Select all that apply)

Monocots Signup and view all the answers

What develops into a fruit after fertilization?

Ovary Signup and view all the answers

What is a monocot?

One of two main classes of flowering plants containing a single cotyledon Signup and view all the answers

What is the seed leaf of a plant embryo called?

Cotyledon Signup and view all the answers

What is the nutritive tissue formed during the development of angiosperm seeds?

Endosperm Signup and view all the answers

What are eudicots?

One of two main classes of flowering plants containing two cotyledons Signup and view all the answers

What are synergids?

Two cells closely associated with the egg Signup and view all the answers

What is a pollen grain?

Immature male gametophyte Signup and view all the answers

What is double fertilization?

A process in which there are two fertilizations, resulting in a zygote and endosperm Signup and view all the answers

What is apomixis?

A type of reproduction in which fruits and seeds are formed asexually Signup and view all the answers

What does a paleobotanist study?

Fossil plants Signup and view all the answers

What is a basal angiosperm?

One of three groups of angiosperms thought to be ancestral to all flowering plants Signup and view all the answers

Core angiosperms are divided into three subgroups: magnoliids, monocots, and _____

eudicots Signup and view all the answers

What are magnoliids?

Core angiosperms once classified as 'dicots' Signup and view all the answers

What are catkins?

Clusters of tiny flowers borne on a pendulous stalk Signup and view all the answers

What is velamen?

A layer of dead cells that absorbs and holds water Signup and view all the answers

What are pseudobulbs?

False bulbs that serve as a storage organ for food and water Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Angiosperms

Angiosperms are flowering plants forming a diverse phylum known for sexual reproduction through flowers and seed production within enclosed fruits.
Monocots feature a single cotyledon, while eudicots have two cotyledons, representing the two major classes of flowering plants.

Reproductive Structures

Ovule contains the female gametophyte and develops into a seed upon fertilization.
Ovary is the base of a carpel or fused carpels where ovules are found and which matures into a fruit post-fertilization.
Cotyledon acts as the seed leaf in an embryo, often providing stored food for initial growth.
Pollen grain represents the immature male gametophyte involved in the fertilization process.

Developmental Processes

Endosperm, a 3n nutritive tissue, is crucial in angiosperm seed development.
Double fertilization involves two fertilizations: one forms a zygote, and the other produces endosperm, a unique feature of flowering plants.

Reproductive Variations

Apomixis refers to asexual reproduction in plants, resulting in fruit and seed formation without fertilization.

Specializations and Subcategories

Core angiosperms include most species of angiosperms, divided into three subgroups: magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots.
Basal angiosperms are recognized as ancestral to all flowering plant groups.
Magnoliids are core angiosperms previously categorized as dicots but identified through molecular evidence as non-eudicots and non-monocots.

Other Important Terms

Synergids are closely associated cells with the egg during fertilization.
Paleobotanists specialize in studying fossilized plants, contributing to our understanding of plant evolution.
Catkins are clusters of small flowers that appear on drooping stalks, a characteristic feature of certain plant species.
Velamen is a layer of dead cells designed to absorb and retain water, enhancing survival in specific environments.
Pseudobulbs are thickened, false bulbs forming from rhizomes, serving as storage organs for food and water.

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Description

Prepare for your finals in Botany 25 with these essential flashcards on flowering plants. Learn key terms like angiosperms and ovules, and explore the field of economic botany. Perfect for consolidating your knowledge just before the exam!