2.5 – Network Configurations: Assigning IP Addresses

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of DHCP?

  • To manually configure IP addresses
  • To optimize network security
  • To automatically assign IP addresses and configuration settings (correct)
  • To track device usage on the network

Which of the following is NOT a part of the DHCP process as described?

  • Authenticate (correct)
  • Discover
  • Request
  • Offer

What limitation of BOOTP was addressed by DHCP?

  • Manual IP address assignment
  • Dynamic IP address reuse (correct)
  • Limited configuration settings
  • Lack of security protocols

What does the 'D' in the D-O-R-A process signify?

<p>Discover (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) created?

<p>1997 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the 'O' step in the DHCP process?

<p>The DHCP server offers an IP address (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of DHCP that makes it more advantageous compared to manual configuration?

<p>It automatically configures multiple settings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically occurs after a device selects one of the offers in the DHCP process?

<p>The device requests that specific IP address from the server (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does a DHCP proxy serve in a network?

<p>It allows DHCP broadcasts to pass through routers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which step of the DORA process does the client workstation make a formal request for an IP address?

<p>Request phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of configuring a reservation on a DHCP server?

<p>To ensure specific devices receive the same IP address every time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a device when there is no DHCP server available?

<p>It will be assigned an APIPA address. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of an APIPA address?

<p>169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol does a device use to check if an assigned APIPA address is already in use?

<p>Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DHCP stand for?

<p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a client workstation choose between multiple DHCP offers?

<p>It examines both offers and selects the one to accept. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a DHCP server in a network environment?

<p>To assign IP addresses dynamically to clients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be configured on a router to allow DHCP broadcasts to reach a remote server?

<p>DHCP proxy or relay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase does a DHCP server send an acknowledgment back to the client workstation?

<p>Acknowledgment phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if a device is configured for DHCP but cannot reach a DHCP server?

<p>The device will receive an APIPA address and communicate locally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using DHCP reservations instead of static IP assignments?

<p>It allows for easier management of IP addresses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are broadcasts commonly used in the DHCP process?

<p>Because the client workstation does not have an IP address yet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and other network settings to devices on a network.

DHCP Discover

The first step in the DHCP process where a device broadcasts a message to find a DHCP server on the network.

DHCP Offer

The second step where a DHCP server responds to a Discover message by offering an IP address to the device.

DHCP Request

The third step where the device selects an offered IP address from the available options and requests it from the server.

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DHCP Acknowledgement

The final step where the DHCP server acknowledges the Request and assigns the requested IP address along with other configuration details to the device.

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DHCP Process

The process of assigning IP addresses and related settings dynamically, using the DHCP protocol.

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DHCP Server

A server on a network responsible for providing IP addresses and configuration settings to devices using DHCP.

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Manual IP Configuration

The process of manually configuring IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and other network settings.

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DHCP Proxy

A network device that forwards DHCP broadcasts to designated DHCP servers on a different subnet.

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DHCP Pool

A range of IP addresses managed by a DHCP server that are available for clients to use.

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DHCP Reservation

Assigning a specific IP address to a device based on its MAC address to ensure it always receives the same IP address.

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Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

An automatically assigned IP address used when a device is unable to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.

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APIPA Address Range

The range of IP addresses allowed for APIPA, from 169.254.1.0 to 169.254.254.255.

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ARP Request for APIPA

A process where a device checks if another device is already using the chosen APIPA address before assigning it to itself.

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DORA Process

The four-step process of acquiring an IP address using DHCP, involving Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledgement.

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MAC Address

The MAC address, a unique identifier for a network device, used for DHCP reservations.

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DHCP Redundancy

A network with two or more DHCP servers that back each other up during server failures, ensuring continuous IP address assignment.

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Local Network

Devices on the same subnet, including clients, routers, and servers, all connected to the same network segment.

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Study Notes

DHCP Protocol Explained

  • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and other settings to devices.
  • It's crucial for large networks; manual configuration isn't scalable.
  • DHCP replaced BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol) in 1997.
  • BOOTP was a precursor, but couldn't automatically handle device departures and lacked comprehensive configuration.

DHCP Process (D-O-R-A)

  • Discover: Client broadcasts to UDP port 67, searching for DHCP servers. Routers typically act as DHCP proxies, forwarding to external servers.
  • Offer: Multiple DHCP servers respond with IP address offers (broadcast to UDP port 68).
  • Request: Client selects an offer and requests the IP address (broadcasted to UDP port 67).
  • Acknowledge: DHCP server confirms the request, providing all necessary configuration settings (broadcast to UDP port 68).

DHCP Server Redundancy

  • Redundancy is vital; multiple DHCP servers can exist on different subnets, ensuring failover.
  • This prevents outages.

DHCP Reservations

  • DHCP reservations allow static IP assignments for specific devices (e.g., printers, servers).
  • Device MAC addresses are associated with specific IP addresses, maintaining consistent allocation.
  • Crucial for devices requiring consistent IP configuration.

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)

  • APIPA addresses are assigned if no DHCP server is available.
  • Used for communication within the local network only, not outside of the local network.
  • IP address range: 169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255, and the first and last 256 addresses are excluded from use
  • Devices pick random addresses from this range.
  • APIPA addresses are dynamically selected and validated using ARP (Address Resolution Protocol).

APIPA Configuration

  • Autoconfigured addresses show up in the ipconfig /all output as "Autoconfiguration address."
  • Example assigned address: 169.254.228.109 with subnet mask 255.255.0.0.
  • Default Gateway is blank due to the inability to communicate outside the local network

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