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Effects of TNFα on Vascular Endothelium
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Effects of TNFα on Vascular Endothelium

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a common bacteria associated with sepsis?

  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Candida albicans (correct)
  • Escherichia coli
  • What is the primary purpose of stimulating systemic overproduction of inflammatory cytokines in experimental models of septic shock?

  • To promote resolution of inflammation
  • To mimic the immune response observed in sepsis patients (correct)
  • To cause an imbalance in the immune system
  • To increase pathogen clearance
  • Which phase of the immune response to infection involves the return to homeostasis after pathogen clearance?

  • Resolution phase (correct)
  • Chronic inflammation phase
  • Inflammatory phase
  • Adaptive immunity phase
  • Which chemokine recruits neutrophils from blood to infected tissue?

    <p>CXCL8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of TNFα on vascular endothelium?

    <p>Activates the endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is involved in tight binding between leukocytes and endothelium during extravasation?

    <p>αLβ2 (LFA-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is responsible for inflammatory activation of leukocytes and increasing antibody production by B cells?

    <p>TNFα</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of molecules are specifically recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and are shared by a category of pathogens?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Charles Janeway propose in 1989 regarding the stimulation of adaptive immunity?

    <p>Specialized receptors are required to induce innate responses to microbial molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)?

    <p>Are evolutionarily conserved and specific to pathogen molecular features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the innate immune response?

    <p>Detection of microbial components from a wide range of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of PAMP/PRR recognition in terms of transcriptional outputs?

    <p>Production of antimicrobial molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the immune response, what is the main role of chemokines?

    <p>Induce inflammation and recruit immune cells to infection sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

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