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13 Questions

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Effects of TNFα on Vascular Endothelium

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a common bacteria associated with sepsis?

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

Candida albicans (correct)

Escherichia coli

What is the primary purpose of stimulating systemic overproduction of inflammatory cytokines in experimental models of septic shock?

To promote resolution of inflammation

To mimic the immune response observed in sepsis patients (correct)

To cause an imbalance in the immune system

To increase pathogen clearance

Which phase of the immune response to infection involves the return to homeostasis after pathogen clearance?

Resolution phase (correct)

Chronic inflammation phase

Inflammatory phase

Adaptive immunity phase

Which chemokine recruits neutrophils from blood to infected tissue?

CXCL8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of TNFα on vascular endothelium?

Activates the endothelium Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is involved in tight binding between leukocytes and endothelium during extravasation?

αLβ2 (LFA-1) Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is responsible for inflammatory activation of leukocytes and increasing antibody production by B cells?

TNFα Signup and view all the answers

Which class of molecules are specifically recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and are shared by a category of pathogens?

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) Signup and view all the answers

What did Charles Janeway propose in 1989 regarding the stimulation of adaptive immunity?

Specialized receptors are required to induce innate responses to microbial molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)?

Are evolutionarily conserved and specific to pathogen molecular features Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the innate immune response?

Detection of microbial components from a wide range of pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of PAMP/PRR recognition in terms of transcriptional outputs?

Production of antimicrobial molecules Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the immune response, what is the main role of chemokines?

Induce inflammation and recruit immune cells to infection sites Signup and view all the answers