Effects of Nitrogen on Tomato Chlorophyll Content

Study Notes

Chlorophyll concentration in tomato plant leaves increases over 16 weeks, with and without nitrogenous fertilizer.
Plants with fertilizer consistently have higher chlorophyll concentration compared to control plants.
From week 2 to week 10, chlorophyll concentration increases by 356% in plants with fertilizer and by 355% in control plants.
From week 12 to week 16, chlorophyll concentration decreases in control plants by 18.75%.
Nitrogenous substances are essential for chlorophyll structure, specifically as a component of the porphyrin ring that binds magnesium.

Discrete Variable: A variable that can only take on distinct, separate values usually whole numbers, often representing categories or counts.
Variance: A measure of how spread out data points are from the mean, indicating the variability within a dataset.
Measures of Central Tendency: Statistical measures that represent the typical or central value of a dataset, including the mean, median, and mode.

Fruiting body of Ascomycetes: Ascocarp.
Primary carbon acceptor in C4 plants: Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
Plant hormone regulating apical dominance: Auxin.
Sexual reproduction in Oomycetes: Oogamy, involving the fusion of a male and female gamete.
Respiratory process yielding alcohol in plant cells: Alcoholic fermentation.

Meristems: Tissues composed of undifferentiated cells responsible for plant growth, found in areas of active cell division.
Functions of Meristems: Responsible for primary and secondary growth in plants, producing new cells for root and shoot elongation, and increasing girth.
Environmental factors influencing plant growth: Light intensity, temperature, water availability, nutrient levels, and gravity.
Light intensity influences photosynthesis and flowering.
Temperature affects enzyme activity and growth rates.
Water availability is crucial for nutrient transport and photosynthesis.
Nutrient levels impact overall plant health and development.
Gravity influences root growth direction.

Double fertilization: A unique process in angiosperms where one sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg cell, forming a zygote, and the other sperm nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei, forming the triploid endosperm.

Alternation of generations: A life cycle characteristic of plants and some algae, involving a multicellular haploid (gametophyte) stage and a multicellular diploid (sporophyte) stage.
Moss life cycle: The dominant stage in a moss's life cycle is the haploid gametophyte, which produces gametes. After fertilization, a diploid sporophyte develops, which produces haploid spores. From these spores, new gametophytes grow.

Beneficial roles of bacteria in agriculture: Nitrogen fixation by bacteria (e.g., Rhizobium) in root nodules of legumes, decomposition of organic matter by bacteria in soil (e.g., Bacillus), and biological control of pests and diseases by bacteria (e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis).
Beneficial roles of bacteria in food processing: Fermentation by bacteria in dairy products (e.g., Lactobacillus), production of fermented foods (e.g., sauerkraut, pickles, kimchi) by bacteria, and preservation of food by bacteria (e.g., lactic acid bacteria in sausages).

Methods to control bacterial activity in food processing: Pasteurization, sterilization, refrigeration, freezing, irradiation, drying, and fermentation.

General characteristics of viruses: Obligate intracellular parasites, lacking cellular structure, consisting of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) core surrounded by a protein coat (capsid), and may or may not have an envelope.