Effects of Epinephrine and Boyle's Law Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which respiratory center is responsible for modifying the activity of the VRG and ensuring smooth transitions?

  • Medulla
  • Pons
  • Pontine respiratory centers (correct)
  • Diaphragm

What is the most potent and tightly controlled factor influencing breathing, according to the text?

  • PO2 levels
  • PCO2 (correct)
  • Efferent impulses
  • Arterial pH

What is the physiological response when arterial PCO2 and pH return to normal?

  • Decreased pH
  • Increased ventilation (correct)
  • Hypercapnia
  • Carbonic acid formation

Which factor has only a slight effect on ventilation according to the text?

<p>PO2 levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Hering-Breuer reflex?

<p>Constrict air passages reflexively (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease leads to a permanent enlargement of alveoli and destruction of alveolar walls?

<p>COPD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sleep apnea is caused by the collapse of the upper airway during sleep?

<p>Obstructive sleep apnea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of tuberculosis?

<p>Coughing, dyspnea, weight loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lung cancer predominantly affects the bronchial epithelium?

<p>Squamous cell carcinoma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is influenced by cortical controls bypassing medullary controls in breathing?

<p>Ventilation rate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the upper respiratory system highlighted in the text?

<p>Moistening and warming air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the nasal cavity is lined with vibrissae and functions in filtering and cleaning air?

<p>Nasal vestibule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the nasal conchae and meatus in the nasal cavity?

<p>To create grooves for air circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the paranasal sinuses as mentioned in the text?

<p>Increasing surface area in the nasal cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are responsible for voice production in the larynx?

<p>Vocal cords (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure contracts during coughing to aid in expelling foreign substances from the trachea?

<p>Trachealis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the soft palate and uvula in the nasopharynx?

<p>To close the nasopharynx during swallowing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx serves as a passageway for food and air from the level of the soft palate to the epiglottis?

<p>Oropharynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is experiencing difficulty swallowing, which structure among the options might be affected?

<p>Epiglottis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure plays a crucial role in protecting the airway during swallowing?

<p>Epiglottis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the respiratory system do you find alveolar sacs containing clusters of alveoli?

<p>Alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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