Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one primary effect of administering procaine as a local anesthetic?
What is one primary effect of administering procaine as a local anesthetic?
What is not a method of administering procaine?
What is not a method of administering procaine?
Which of the following symptoms could indicate procaine toxicity in the CNS?
Which of the following symptoms could indicate procaine toxicity in the CNS?
When preparing the animal for procaine injection, which step is essential?
When preparing the animal for procaine injection, which step is essential?
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What is a clinical use of pentobarbital?
What is a clinical use of pentobarbital?
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What is opisthotonus, as related to convulsions?
What is opisthotonus, as related to convulsions?
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Which step involves the identification of the sciatic nerve during the procedure?
Which step involves the identification of the sciatic nerve during the procedure?
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What factor should not be considered when observing a rabbit's normal behavior before anesthesia?
What factor should not be considered when observing a rabbit's normal behavior before anesthesia?
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Study Notes
Experiment 3: Basic Actions or Effects of Drugs
- The experiment focuses on the basic actions and effects of drugs.
- Key areas of study include excitation, inhibition, local effects, general effects, therapeutic effects, and adverse reactions.
- Specific drugs like Procaine (a local anesthetic) and Pentobarbital (a sedative-hypnotic) are investigated.
Procaine (Local Anesthetic)
- Action: Blocks nerve conduction of sensory impulses, inhibiting pain.
- Administration routes include topical, infiltration, peripheral nerve blocks, and neuraxial (spinal, epidural, caudal).
- Toxicity can result in CNS excitation (convulsions) or depression, cardiovascular system effects, and allergic reactions.
- Treatment for toxicity includes airway management, support of breathing and circulation, and convulsion suppression (using intravenous diazepam/pentobarbital).
Pentobarbital (Sedative-Hypnotic)
- Action: Blocks nerve conduction of sensory impulses, inhibiting pain.
- Used as a sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and antiepileptic drug.
- Also used in anesthesia and pre-anesthesia medication.
Procedures:
Preparation of the Animal
- Gently handle the rabbit to minimize stress.
- Place the rabbit in a prone position on a soft, non-slip mat.
- Observe the rabbit's normal behavior and movement to establish a baseline.
Locating the Sciatic Nerve
- Identify the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter (bony landmarks).
- The sciatic nerve is located in the depression (notch) between these landmarks.
Administering Local Anesthetic
- Clean the injection area with alcohol.
- Draw up 1 ml/kg of 2% procaine solution into a 5 mL syringe.
- Hold the rabbit's leg steady.
- Insert the needle at a 30-degree angle into the notch, aiming towards the tail.
- Slowly inject the procaine solution over 30 seconds.
Observing Local Effects
- Monitor the hind limb for muscle relaxation and loss of sensation after injection.
- Use a cotton swab to test for withdrawal reflex.
Administering Systemic Anesthetic
- Draw up 4 ml/kg of 2% procaine solution into a 5 mL syringe.
- Inject the procaine intramuscularly into the opposite thigh muscle.
- Monitor the rabbit for signs of CNS depression or excitation.
Managing Intoxication (e.g., convulsions)
- In case of convulsions, draw up 0.5 ml/kg of sodium pentobarbital into a syringe.
- Slowly inject the pentobarbital into the marginal ear vein, observing the rabbit's response.
- Monitor for antagonism of drugs during the administration.
Documentation and Analysis
- Record the onset, duration, and intensity of observed effects.
- Note any adverse reactions and the rabbit's recovery time.
Convulsion Symptoms
- Limb stiffness: Muscles become rigid due to sustained contraction.
- Opisthotonus: A specific posture where the head and neck are thrown backward, and the back is arched.
- Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing due to muscle contractions restricting chest movements.
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Description
This quiz covers the basic actions and effects of drugs, focusing on Procaine and Pentobarbital. Key topics include mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, adverse reactions, and toxicity management. Explore the intricacies of local anesthetics and sedative-hypnotics through this engaging experiment.
