Effectiveness of Punishment

What is essential for punishment to be effective according to the text?

Intensity that surpasses the offense
Consistency and certainty in application (correct)
Being delayed
Minimal communication with the punished individual

Which of the following is NOT a key factor in effective punishment as mentioned in the text?

Fitting to the offense and person
Ability to replace the punished behavior
Delay in application (correct)
Perceived as justified

Why does the text emphasize explaining to the punished individual how to avoid punishment in the future?

To help the punished individual seek revenge
To ensure the punishment is perceived as justified
To guide the punished individual towards more desirable behaviors (correct)
To prevent the punished individual from learning new behaviors

How does punishment compare to other unpleasant events in potentially triggering aggression?

It triggers aggression more than other unpleasant events (B) Signup and view all the answers

What plays a significant role in the effectiveness of punishment?

Providing desirable alternatives to the punished behavior (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is matching the intensity of punishment with the offense and the person crucial?

To increase the effectiveness of punishment (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is punishment most effective according to the text?

When punishment is prompt, consistent, and justified (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it vital for the punisher to explain to the punished individual what they can do differently?

To assist the punished individual in avoiding future punishment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did Adam Lanza do at age 20?

Killed his mother and then went to an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do laypeople and researchers differ in using the term 'aggression'?

Laypeople may label someone trying hard to sell as aggressive, while researchers define aggression as intending harm without actual harm. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction researchers make about aggression?

Aggression is any observable behavior intended to harm. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of aggression, what does the term 'observable' refer to?

Behaviors which can be witnessed by others. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does aggression NOT include?

Internal responses like anger or aggressive thoughts. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was Adam Lanza's final action after the school shooting in Newtown?

He committed suicide. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do personality and environment factors affect aggression and violence according to researchers?

Both personality and environment factors have a significant impact on aggression and violence. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of aggression according to the text?

The intentional behavior to harm someone unwilling. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key point related to successful interventions for aggression?

Target as many causes as possible and address them collectively (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of causes are generally easier to change in aggression interventions?

External causes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What general rule applies to treating aggression problems in individuals?

Intervene early in development (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of aggressive behavior is often displayed by young children at risk of becoming violent adults?

Excessive hitting, biting, or kicking (C) Signup and view all the answers

When should aggression problems be ideally treated according to the text?

In early development (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are external causes of aggression considered easier to change?

They are more susceptible to environmental modification (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor makes treating aggression problems in early development more effective?

High malleability of individuals in early development (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of making unpleasant situations more tolerable to reduce aggression?

Utilizing air conditioners in hot environments (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding aggression in society, as mentioned in the text?

It interferes with basic needs of safety and security. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is designing effective treatments for aggression challenging?

Multiple causes exist for aggression. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about catharsis theory?

Acting aggressively or viewing aggression reduces aggressive thoughts. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals is mentioned as particularly difficult to treat due to their high level of aggression?

Individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevailing perception regarding aggression and violence in society, according to the text?

They are inevitable and intrinsic aspects of society. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do effective strategies relate to reducing aggression, according to the text?

Effective strategies are associated with reducing aggression and violence. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What crucial method should be avoided when attempting to reduce aggression, as per the text?

Implementing the theory of catharsis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does research suggest about the outcome of deliberately releasing high levels of aggression, according to the text?

It is associated with an increase in aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. (C) Signup and view all the answers

At what age are people most aggressive according to the text?

1 to 3 years old (B) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what factor contributes to the decreasing trend of violence in the world?

Improved conflict resolution skills (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the relationship between violent acts and aggressive acts?

All violent acts are aggressive, but not all aggressive acts are violent (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of storms might a meteorologist call 'violent'?

Storms with intense winds, rain, thunder, lightning, or hail (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between violent acts and aggressive acts based on the text?

Only violent acts lead to extreme physical harm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about human aggression according to internal causes?

Human aggression is influenced by factors in the environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do estimates suggest about the death toll in the 20th century wars compared to ancient tribal wars?

The death toll would have been 20 times higher (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text reveal about prehistoric societies' level of violence compared to contemporary societies?

Prehistoric societies were far more violent (B) Signup and view all the answers