Questions and Answers
What does differential reinforcement work by?
Reinforcing only the behaviors that should be increased while removing reinforcement from behaviors that should be decreased.
What is the purpose of punishment following a behavior?
Reduce the behavior.
Which function of behavior involves avoiding a task or interaction?
Escape.
What is the difference between DRA and DRI?
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What is an example of overcorrection?
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What is an example of a motivating operation?
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How does extinction work?
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What does the quote 'All behavior has a communicative intent' mean?
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In which situations are differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) used?
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What does differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) involve?
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How does extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement work?
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When should a behavior reduction plan be considered?
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What does spontaneous recovery refer to?
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Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
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How does extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement work?
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What could ensure that an intervention involving punishment is effective?
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What is the best course of action to take in the event of an extinction burst?
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What does type 1 punishment involve?
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What is the purpose of punishment following a behavior?
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Study Notes
Differential Reinforcement
- Differential reinforcement increases desired behaviors while decreasing undesired ones through selective reinforcement.
- Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior (DRA) allows for any appropriate replacement behavior, while Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behavior (DRI) requires the replacement behavior to be impossible to perform simultaneously with the undesired behavior.
Punishment
- Punishment refers to a stimulus presented after a behavior, intended to decrease that behavior.
- Type 1 punishment involves adding something unpleasant to reduce a behavior, like receiving a speeding ticket.
Behavior Functions
- Escape behavior functions are characterized by actions taken to avoid tasks or interactions.
- Behaviors can be maintained through positive reinforcement or can require extinction methods to reduce their frequency.
Extinction
- Extinction eliminates undesired behavior by stopping reinforcement.
- A sudden reappearance of an extinguished behavior is known as spontaneous recovery.
- For interventions to work effectively against behaviors maintained by positive reinforcement, the reinforcer must be removed.
Motivating Operations
- Motivating operations impact the effectiveness of reinforcers; for example, hunger can increase motivation for a reward like crackers.
Intervention Strategies
- Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL) is applied to behaviors that are acceptable but should occur less frequently.
- Differential Reinforcement of Other behavior (DRO) involves reinforcing the absence of the undesired behavior within a set timeframe.
Data Collection and Interventions
- To ensure punishment interventions are effective, it is vital to collect and review data to assess their impact.
- If an extinction burst occurs (an increase in the undesired behavior before it decreases), the best response is to persist with the intervention plan.
Behavior Reduction Plans
- The need for a behavior reduction plan arises only when environmental factors influencing the behavior have been eliminated.
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Test your knowledge on decreasing behaviors through differential reinforcement and punishment. These flashcards cover key concepts essential for understanding behavior modification strategies. Ideal for psychology students and professionals.