Effective Speech Writing Techniques
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Questions and Answers

Which principle focuses on ensuring that the ideas in a speech are arranged logically and clearly?

  • Edit for focus
  • Edit for clarity (correct)
  • Edit for impact and beauty
  • Edit for variety

What should be avoided to maintain coherence in a speech?

  • Engaging the audience with questions
  • Transitioning between topics
  • Excessive repetition of words (correct)
  • Using vivid imagery

Which editing principle emphasizes the importance of a smooth flow in speech?

  • Edit for clarity
  • Edit for focus
  • Edit for continuity (correct)
  • Edit for concision

How can a speaker add interest to a speech and avoid boredom?

<p>Add humor and change styles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of language should a speaker avoid depending on the audience?

<p>Technical jargon specific to a group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT part of the speech writing process?

<p>Creating a social media advertisement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for conducting an audience analysis before writing a speech?

<p>To develop a connection with the audience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the principles of effective speech writing?

<p>Focusing on grammatical correctness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when selecting a topic for a speech?

<p>The interests and knowledge of the audience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of determining the speech's purpose?

<p>To guide the content and delivery of the speech (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the step of 'narrowing down a topic' in speech writing?

<p>Focusing on a specific aspect of a broader topic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of audience analysis involves understanding the audience's cultural background?

<p>Demography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to prepare a conclusion for a speech?

<p>To summarize key points and leave a strong impression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the introduction in a speech?

<p>To establish credibility for the speaker (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is NOT suggested for writing an effective introduction?

<p>Presenting detailed statistical analyses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should an ideal introduction in a speech generally last?

<p>2 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the conclusion in a speech?

<p>To summarize and emphasize the message (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the body of a speech primarily focus on?

<p>Presenting the main ideas and principles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a suggested strategy for creating an impactful conclusion?

<p>Asking thought-provoking questions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transitional element is important in connecting ideas in the body of a speech?

<p>Transitional words (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall time allocation for a speech consisting of an introduction, body, and conclusion as described?

<p>20 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific purpose of the topic regarding effective money management?

<p>To inform Grade 11 students on the importance of effective money management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the categorical/topical writing pattern?

<p>It presents related categories supporting the topic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preparing an outline for a presentation or speech?

<p>To serve as a blueprint of the presentation, indicating key elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a problem-solution writing pattern, what key components are typically included?

<p>Identified problem, its causes, and recommended solutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary feature of a chronological writing pattern?

<p>It organizes information based on time order. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is typically found in the conclusion of a generic speech outline?

<p>A recap of the main points discussed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the introduction of a speech typically aim to establish?

<p>The topic and core message, along with supporting points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the biographical writing pattern?

<p>It provides descriptions of a person's life or experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Event planning steps

Steps to organize a program, including assigning representatives, sharing plans, and answering questions.

Audience Analysis

Understanding the characteristics (demographics, situation, psychology) of the audience.

Speech Purpose

The goal of your speech: to inform, entertain, or persuade.

Speech Topic Selection

Choosing a subject for your speech, considering the audience and purpose.

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Speech Writing Process

A series of steps involved in writing a speech

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Audience Profile

Detailed information about the audience, including demographics, context, and psychology

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Logical Organization

Structuring speech ideas in a clear and coherent manner

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Duration

The amount of time for the speech

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Word Choice (Vocabulary)

Selecting words that effectively convey ideas to the audience

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Grammatical Correctness

Ensuring the speech follows correct grammatical rules

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Speech Introduction

The opening part of a speech, typically 10-15% of the total time, crucial for grabbing attention, stating purpose, establishing credibility, giving reasons to listen, and previewing the main ideas.

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Introduction Functions

An introduction should: gain audience attention, state speech purpose, build speaker credibility, motivate audience engagement, and preview main ideas.

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Introduction Strategies

Use real-life experiences, practical examples, quotes, statistics, personal stories, or scenarios to engage the audience and introduce the speech topic.

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Speech Body

The central part of a speech that presents the main ideas and arguments.

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Body Strategies

Support your points with real-life examples, statistics, comparisons, and expert ideas, to highlight and strengthen the main message.

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Speech Conclusion

The closing part of the speech, summarizing the main ideas, repeating the central message, sometimes using familiar elements from the introduction.

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Conclusion Strategies

Summarize main points, emphasize your message, and end with a memorable statement, thought-provoking question, or call to action.

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Speech Structure

A well-organized speech typically includes a 2-minute introductory section, 15 minutes for the body (with 5 minutes per main point) and a 3-minute conclusion, which adds up to 20 minutes.

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Narrowing Down a Topic

The process of refining a broad topic into a specific and manageable research or writing focus. This involves identifying a general purpose, then refining to a specific topic and detailed focus.

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General Purpose

The overall intent or goal of a piece of writing (e.g., to inform, persuade, entertain).

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Specific Purpose

The writing's exact objective focused on its target audience, outlining what you will inform or convince the reader of.

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Topic

The subject of a piece of writing.

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Writing Pattern

The structure or organization of a piece of writing, determining how information is presented, including biographical, chronological, and problem-solution styles.

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Biographical Pattern

An organizational approach for presenting information about a person's life.

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Categorical/Topical Pattern

A writing structure that groups related ideas or information into categories for clear presentation.

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Causal Pattern

Explaining cause-and-effect relationships.

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Chronological Pattern

Organizing information in a time sequence.

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Comparison/Contrast Pattern

Describing similarities and differences between two or more things.

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Problem-Solution Pattern

Describing a problem, its causes and the proposed solutions

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Speech Outline

A plan or framework for a speech, laying out the introduction, body, and conclusion.

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Generic Speech Outline

A standard speech structure with an introduction, body (supporting points), and conclusion, including a summary and call to action.

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Outline Formats

Different ways of visually structuring or presenting the outline's framework, including table format and list format.

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Avoid Jargon

In speeches, avoid technical terms understood only by a specific group.

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Avoid Redundancy

Repetition of words unnecessarily should be avoided in speeches.

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Appropriate Language (Audience)

Choose language suitable for the specific audience of your speech.

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Appropriate Language (Occasion)

Select language fitting to the context of the speaking situation (formal/informal).

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Focus Editing

Ensure the speech's introduction and conclusion align with the core message.

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Clarity Editing

Organize speech ideas logically, starting with the main idea and then supporting details.

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Concision Editing

Keep speeches brief and clear by eliminating irrelevant information and using simple language.

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Continuity Editing

Maintain a smooth flow by using transition words and phrases to link ideas.

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Variety Editing

Enhance engagement by switching between formal and conversational styles, using humor, and varying delivery.

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Impact & Beauty Editing

Make the speech memorable through vivid descriptions, surprises, impactful lines, and figures of speech.

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Study Notes

English Club Assignment

  • English club advisor assigned student to be event planner for welcome program for foreign visitors.

Planning the Program

  • Students have ten minutes to discuss steps to organize the program.
  • A representative will share group output for two minutes.

Post-Presentation Questions

  • Students need to answer the following questions after sharing the program plans with the class:
    • How did you plan the program?
    • What difficulties did you encounter while planning?

Lesson Objectives (Speech Writing)

  • Discuss the principles of effective speech writing.
  • Analyze the importance of audience profile, logical organization, duration, word choice, and grammatical correctness in writing a speech.
  • Compose a speech applying the principles of effective speech writing.

Speech Preparation

  • How to prepare for a speech?
  • What factors should be considered when selecting a speech topic?

Speech Writing Process

  • Careful planning is crucial for a well-written speech.
  • The speech writing process is recursive and not chronological or linear.

Speech Writing Process Steps

  • Conduct audience analysis
  • Determine speech purpose
  • Select a topic
  • Narrow down topic
  • Gather data
  • Edit/revise
  • Rehearse

Audience Analysis (Audience Profile)

  • Conduct a thorough audience analysis by examining demographics, situation, and psychology.
  • Knowing factors such as age, gender, education level, religion, language, culture, and group membership is vital for developing a tailored speech.
  • Consider the audience's existing knowledge of the subject and reasons for interest.

Speech Purpose

  • Speech purpose options: inform, entertain, or persuade.

Selecting a Topic

  • Choose a topic from "topics you know," "topics you love," and "topics your audience cares about".

Narrowing Down a Topic

  • Narrow down the chosen topic through research exploration to create specific research questions.

General Purpose Example

  • Specific purpose: Inform Grade 11 students on the importance of effective money management.
  • Topic: Financial literacy or effective money management
  • Narrowing down examples:
    • Effective money management of Grade 11 students
    • Developing an effective money management of Grade 11 students
    • Defining and developing effective money management skills of Grade 11 students

Speech Topics

  • Social media and self-image
  • The pressure to create a "perfect" image online
  • The role of social media in political campaigns
  • How social media affects teen mental health

Gathering Data

  • Primary Sources: Evidence created at the time of the event (e.g., letters, diaries, original photos, government records, autobiographies, artifacts, speeches).
  • Secondary Sources: Information created after the event by someone not present (e.g., newspaper articles, textbooks, biographies, TV documentaries, non-original photos, encyclopedias, dictionaries).

Writing Patterns

  • Biographical writing, categorical/topical, causal writing, chronological writing, comparison/contrast, and problem-solution.

Biographical Writing

  • Present a description of someone's life, regardless of fame.

Categorical/Topical Writing

  • Present related categories that support the topic.

Causal Writing

  • Present cause-and-effect relationships.

Chronological Writing

  • Presenting the information in time order.

Comparison/Contrast Writing

  • Comparing and contrasting two to three points.

Problem-Solution Writing

  • Discuss the problem, its causes, and suggested solutions.

Preparing an Outline

  • Plan the speech like a blueprint, creating the structure, once two-thirds of the speech is complete.

Logical Elements in Speech

  • Tell the audience what you're going to say, convey the message, and tell them what you've said.

Structural Elements in Speech

  • Introduction, body, and conclusion.

Generic Speech Outline

  • Introduction: Establish the topic and core message, listing supporting points.
  • Body: Supporting points one, two, and three.
  • Conclusion: Recap main points, summarize core message, and suggest a call to action.

Outline Formats

  • Table format
  • List format

Example: Table Format

  • Example of a table format outlines for educating the community on proper waste reduction practices.
    • Purpose: to inform
    • Specific purpose: to persuade community members to reduce, reuse, and recycle
    • Topic: Importance of waste reduction.
    • Pattern: problem-solution
    • Introduction: overview of environmental situation
    • Body: problems of improper waste disposal and explain how reducing, reusing, and recycling solves the problem.
    • Conclusion: restate specific purpose and call for participation in reducing waste.

Preparing the Introduction

  • The introduction is arguably the most important component of your speech, typically comprising about 10-15% of the speech time.
  • Effectively creating an introduction serves five functions:
    • Capture audience attention and interest.
    • State the purpose of the speech.
    • Establish speaker credibility.
    • Explain reasons for listening.
    • Preview main ideas.

Introduction Strategies

  • Use real-life experiences related to the topic..
  • Employ practical examples to connect to the topic.
  • Include familiar or strong quotes.
  • Showcase relevant facts or statistics.
  • Incorporate personal stories.

Introduction Examples (Techniques used by a speaker)

  • What-if scenario
  • Imagine scenario
  • Question
  • Silence
  • Powerful statement/phrase

Creating the Body

  • The body of the speech is the core, addressing main ideas and principles.
  • Use transition words or phrases to connect ideas and sentences.

Examples of Transition words

  • (see page 40, transitional words and phrasings)

Highlighting Main Ideas

  • Use real-life or practical examples.
  • Use facts and statistics
  • Present comparisons
  • Share expert or practitioner insights.

Preparing the Conclusion

  • Provide a summary.
  • Emphasize the core message.
  • Advocate for a clear call to action.

Conclusion Strategies

  • Use memorable statements.
  • Employ different strategies to strengthen the conclusion. Strategies from the introduction or impact statements can also be used for a memorable finish.
  • Employ powerful statements/phrases.
  • Reiterate key ideas from the speech.
  • Indicate significant action items.

Speech Timing and Word Counts

  • Introduction: 2 minutes (250 words)
  • Body: Point 1 (5 minutes, 625 words), Point 2 (5 minutes, 625 words), and Point 3 (5 minutes, 625 words)
  • Conclusion: 3 minutes (375 words)
  • Total word count: 2,500 words
  • Total presentation time: Approximately 20 minutes

Editing/Revising

  • Mechanics: Grammar, punctuation, capitalization.
  • Content: Unity, coherence.
  • Avoid jargon, redundancy, inappropriate language for the audience or occasion.

Six Power Principles for Editing (Andrew Dlugan, 2013)

  • Edit for focus.
  • Edit for clarity.
  • Edit for conciseness.
  • Edit for continuity.
  • Edit for variety.
  • Edit for impact and beauty.

Rehearsing

  • Constant practice improves, but constant correct practice leads to perfection.

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Description

This quiz explores the principles of effective speech writing, focusing on audience analysis, logical organization, and proper word choice. Students will also discuss their experiences in planning a welcome program and the challenges faced during the preparation process.

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