32 Questions
What is the typical color of jaundice in non-obstructive cases?
Light yellow
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of melaena?
Fresh bright red color
What is the normal range for bowel movement frequency?
3 times per day to once in 3 days
Which of the following symptoms may be associated with obstructive jaundice?
All of the above
What term is used to describe the condition of complete absence of stool and flatus passage?
Obstipation
What may indicate fat malabsorption in the stool?
Floating stool or un-flushable stool
Which of the following is NOT a principle for effective communication with patients?
Interrupt the patient frequently to clarify points
When communicating with patients, which type of question should be used sparingly?
Leading questions
Which of the following is NOT recommended when communicating with a patient?
Talk to more than one patient at the same time
When should information from relatives be sought about a patient's condition?
All of the above
Which of the following is recommended when communicating with a child patient?
Offer sweets or candies
Which of the following factors should be considered for the room environment when communicating with patients?
Quiet, air-conditioned, and well-illuminated
What is the purpose of the mnemonic 'SQITARRS'?
To assess the nature and characteristics of pain
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of vomiting that should be assessed?
Duration of the vomiting episode
What is the significance of a patient experiencing weight loss of more than 10% of their body weight in 3 months?
It is considered a significant weight loss and a serious factor
Which of the following drugs should always be specifically asked about during a drug history?
Anticoagulants (heparin and warfarin)
What is the significance of a patient experiencing hemoptysis?
It is a serious factor and should be further evaluated
Which of the following is NOT a type of dyspnea mentioned in the text?
Chronic dyspnea
Which of the following is a characteristic of projectile vomiting?
It is a type of vomiting that is forceful and occurs in a projectile manner
What is the significance of a patient experiencing dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)?
It is a serious factor and should be further evaluated
Which of the following is NOT a factor that should be considered when assessing indigestion or abdominal pain (dyspepsia)?
Duration of the indigestion or abdominal pain
What is the purpose of assessing the color and taste of vomit?
To determine the level of intestinal obstruction
What is the main purpose of using open-ended questions when interviewing a patient?
To encourage the patient to provide more detailed information about their problem
Which of the following is NOT recommended as a prompt to encourage the patient to continue speaking?
That's correct
What is the purpose of summarizing the patient's information during the interview?
To check that the healthcare provider has all the necessary information
When should the healthcare provider provide the patient with information about their disease or treatment options?
Throughout the interview, as appropriate
Which of the following is NOT a recommended technique for effective communication during a patient interview?
Interrupting the patient to clarify information when needed
What is the purpose of the "Systemic Review" section of the patient history?
To explore any additional symptoms or health issues the patient may be experiencing
Which of the following is NOT typically included in the "Past History" section of the patient interview?
Current symptoms
What is the purpose of the "Demographic Data" section of the patient history?
To collect basic personal and background information about the patient
Which of the following is NOT considered a key part of the patient history?
Patient Preferences
What is the purpose of the "Chief Complaint" section of the patient history?
To gather detailed information about the patient's current symptoms and their progression
Study Notes
Effective Communication Skills
- Use open questions to encourage patients to share more information about their problem
- Use prompts like "I see", "I understand", "Tell me more about that" to make the patient feel heard
- Nod your head to show you're considering their ideas and opinions
- Repeat the last statement made by the patient with a questioning tone to ensure understanding
- Take notes without interrupting the patient
Eliciting Information
- Ask patients about their history, including medical, surgical, family, psychosocial, and drug history
- Clarify any unclear information by asking follow-up questions
- Use the patient's words to summarize their information
- Give the patient time to digest the information before moving forward
Parts of History
- Demographic Data: name, age, gender, race, marital status, residence, occupation, religion
- Chief Complaint: 1-2 symptoms that brought the patient to the hospital, duration
- History of Present Illness: detailed story of the condition in the patient's words
- Systemic Review: gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, urogenital, neurological, musculoskeletal, and integumentary systems
- Past History: medical, surgical, family, social, and drug history
Symptomatology
- Pain: site, quality, intensity, timing, aggravating and relieving factors, referral, radiation, and migration
- Cough: frequency, change of posture, productive or dry, sputum color and amount, associated symptoms
- Dyspnea: shortness of breath, classification, orthopnea, exertional dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing, painful or painless, to solid food, fluid, or saliva
- Weight Loss: amount, period, significant weight loss (>10% of body weight in 3 months)
- Appetite: increased, decreased, or remained the same
Vomiting
- Quantity or volume, frequency, quality, associated blood, color, and taste
- Projective, self-induced, or effortless vomiting, timing, and relieving pain
- Associated symptoms, preceding symptom or factor, and flatulence
Jaundice
- Yellowish discoloration of skin and eyes, progressive or intermittent, painless or painful
- Itching, dark-colored urine, and pale stools in obstructive jaundice
- Associated symptoms, such as loss of appetite, weight loss, and dyspepsia
Defaecation
- Bowel habits: frequency, color, consistency, amount, smell, and specific gravity
- Diarrhea: increased frequency, watery consistency, large amount, and urgency
- Constipation: absolute constipation, obstipation, bleeding per rectum, and types of bleeding
Communication Skills
- Room environment: quiet, air-conditioned, well-lit, and one patient at a time
- Principles: introduce yourself, shake hands, make the patient sit comfortably, ask about companions, establish a relationship, and use simple clear language
- Listen well, don't interrupt, clarify patient symptoms, achieve empathy, and provide information in small packages
- Use open questions, probing questions, closed questions, leading questions, double-barreled questions, and difficult questions
Learn about the principles of effective communication in healthcare settings, including how to introduce yourself, establish relationships, ask appropriate questions, listen actively, and avoid interruptions. Discover the importance of creating an optimal room environment for patient interactions.
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