Effect of Blood Transfusion on Hemoglobin Concentration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

When volume losses are not replaced during hemorrhage, what happens to hemoglobin concentration?

  • It decreases
  • It remains constant (correct)
  • It fluctuates
  • It increases

    • In the equation EBL = EBV × ln(Hi/Hf), what do Hi and Hf represent?

  • Initial and final heart rates
  • Initial and final blood pressure values
  • Initial and final hematocrit (correct)
  • Initial and final red blood cell counts

    • What is the effect of intravenous fluid infusion in the absence of bleeding on hemoglobin concentration?

  • It decreases hemoglobin concentration (correct)
  • It causes fluctuations in hemoglobin concentration
  • It increases hemoglobin concentration
  • It has no effect on hemoglobin concentration

    • How does transfusing packed red cells in a non-bleeding individual affect hemoglobin concentration?

    <p>It increases hemoglobin concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of Class IV hemorrhage?

    <p>Preterminal event requiring immediate therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a massive hemorrhage?

    <p>Loss of total EBV in a 3-hour period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which class of hemorrhage does urinary output play a significant role in complicating the estimation of blood loss?

    <p>Class IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blood volume vary with age and physiologic state when indexed to body weight?

    <p>Older individuals have smaller blood volumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate arterial oxygen content (CaO2) according to the text?

    <p>13.4 × [Hb] × SaO2 + 0.03 PaO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of severe hemorrhage on systemic oxygen delivery, according to the text?

    <p>Depression of cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hemorrhagic shock, what happens to the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues?

    <p>It is impaired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between systemic oxygen consumption (VO2) and the body's energy needs under normal aerobic conditions?

    <p>Proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is used to define tissue oxygenation and is calculated as (CaO2 – CmvO2)/CaO2?

    <p>Oxygen extraction ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate VO2 using Fick’s principle?

    <p>VO2 = cardiac index × (CaO2 – CmvO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to decreases in cardiac output and oxygen delivery (DO2) during hemorrhagic shock?

    <p>Decreases in blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflects increased efficiency in oxygen utilization during hypoxia?

    <p>Rise in oxygen extraction ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

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