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Effect of Blood Transfusion on Hemoglobin Concentration Quiz

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Effect of Blood Transfusion on Hemoglobin Concentration Quiz

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Questions and Answers

When volume losses are not replaced during hemorrhage, what happens to hemoglobin concentration?

It decreases

It remains constant (correct)

It fluctuates

It increases

In the equation EBL = EBV × ln(Hi/Hf), what do Hi and Hf represent?

Initial and final heart rates

Initial and final blood pressure values

Initial and final hematocrit (correct)

Initial and final red blood cell counts

What is the effect of intravenous fluid infusion in the absence of bleeding on hemoglobin concentration?

It decreases hemoglobin concentration (correct)

It causes fluctuations in hemoglobin concentration

It increases hemoglobin concentration

It has no effect on hemoglobin concentration

How does transfusing packed red cells in a non-bleeding individual affect hemoglobin concentration?

It increases hemoglobin concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of Class IV hemorrhage?

Preterminal event requiring immediate therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a massive hemorrhage?

Loss of total EBV in a 3-hour period Signup and view all the answers

In which class of hemorrhage does urinary output play a significant role in complicating the estimation of blood loss?

Class IV Signup and view all the answers

How does blood volume vary with age and physiologic state when indexed to body weight?

Older individuals have smaller blood volumes Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate arterial oxygen content (CaO2) according to the text?

13.4 × [Hb] × SaO2 + 0.03 PaO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of severe hemorrhage on systemic oxygen delivery, according to the text?

Depression of cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

In hemorrhagic shock, what happens to the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues?

It is impaired Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between systemic oxygen consumption (VO2) and the body's energy needs under normal aerobic conditions?

Proportional Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is used to define tissue oxygenation and is calculated as (CaO2 – CmvO2)/CaO2?

Oxygen extraction ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate VO2 using Fick’s principle?

VO2 = cardiac index × (CaO2 – CmvO2) Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to decreases in cardiac output and oxygen delivery (DO2) during hemorrhagic shock?

Decreases in blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What reflects increased efficiency in oxygen utilization during hypoxia?

Rise in oxygen extraction ratio Signup and view all the answers