Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups

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Questions and Answers

Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

  • A
  • O (correct)
  • B
  • AB

Which blood type can receive any type but can only be given to AB?

  • O
  • AB (correct)
  • B
  • A

What is the shelf life of CPD blood?

  • 3 weeks (correct)
  • 2 weeks
  • 4 weeks
  • 1 week

Which one of the following is an acceptable hemoglobin level for perioperative red blood cell transfusion?

<p>&lt; 8 (B)</p>
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Which one of the following is NOT a part of the donor criteria for blood transfusion?

<p>Interval of &gt; 6 months from last donation (B)</p>
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Which one of the following is NOT a blood substitute?

<p>Fibrinogen (A)</p>
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One of the following is a complication of massive transfusion. Which one is it?

<p>Hyperthermia (B)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT an indication for blood transfusion?

<p>Severe Burns (B)</p>
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What is the transfusion trigger for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion?

<p>Hb &lt; 10g/dl (B)</p>
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Which of the following is a symptom of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?

<p>Dyspnea and fever (D)</p>
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What is the shelf life of autologous blood stored at 2-6 ËšC?

<p>35 days (D)</p>
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Which of the following blood types can be given to anyone but can only receive O blood?

<p>O (C)</p>
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What is the most common blood type in the ABO blood grouping system?

<p>O (B)</p>
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Which blood type is considered the universal recipient and can receive any type of blood?

<p>AB (C)</p>
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Which one of the following is NOT a blood substitute?

<p>Fibrinogen (C)</p>
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One of the following is not a part of the donor criteria for blood transfusion. Which one is it?

<p>Interval of &gt; 6 months from last donation (C)</p>
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One of the following is a complication of massive transfusion. Which one is it?

<p>Hyperkalemia (D)</p>
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The acceptable hemoglobin level for perioperative red blood cell transfusion is

<p>&lt; 8 (D)</p>
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Which one of the following is a complication of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD)?

<p>Pancytopenia (D)</p>
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Which one of the following is a symptom of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)?

<p>Fever (D)</p>
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Which one of the following is a non-immunological complication of blood transfusion?

<p>Thrombophlebitis (B)</p>
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Which one of the following is a delayed complication of blood transfusion?

<p>Iron overload (D)</p>
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Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

<p>O (D)</p>
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Which blood type can receive any type but can only be given to AB?

<p>AB (A)</p>
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Which blood group system is the most important one used for blood transfusions?

<p>ABO (C)</p>
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Which one of the following is a biomimetic substitute for blood?

<p>Mimic – O2 carrying capacity of blood (D)</p>
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One of the following is NOT a complication of massive transfusion. Which one is it?

<p>Hypermagnesemia (D)</p>
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What is the immediate cause of febrile nonhaemolytic transfusion reaction?

<p>Pyrogens (B)</p>
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What is the acceptable hemoglobin level for perioperative red blood cell transfusion?

<p>&lt; 10 (D)</p>
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Which of the following is a non-immunological complication of blood transfusion?

<p>Thrombophlebitis (D)</p>
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Which one of the following is a symptom of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD)?

<p>All of the above (D)</p>
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What is the threshold at which blood transfusion is indicated?

<p>Hb &lt; 10g / dl (A)</p>
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Which one of the following is a delayed complication of blood transfusion?

<p>Post-transfusion purpura (B)</p>
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Which blood type is considered the universal donor and can be given to anyone?

<p>O (D)</p>
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Which blood type can receive any type but can only be given to AB?

<p>AB (D)</p>
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What is the shelf life of CPD blood?

<p>3 weeks (A)</p>
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What is the most common cause of acute blood loss that may require a blood transfusion?

<p>Trauma (C)</p>
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Which of the following is a non-immunological complication of blood transfusion?

<p>Thrombophlebitis (D)</p>
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What is the most common symptom of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction?

<p>Fever (C)</p>
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Which of the following is a symptom of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)?

<p>Dyspnea (D)</p>
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Which one of the following is NOT a blood substitute?

<p>Fibrinogen (B)</p>
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One of the following is not a part of the donor criteria for blood transfusion. Which one is it?

<p>Interval of &gt; 6 months from last donation (B)</p>
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One of the following is a complication of massive transfusion. Which one is it?

<p>Hyperkalemia (A)</p>
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The acceptable hemoglobin level for perioperative red blood cell transfusion is

<p>&lt; 8 (B)</p>
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What is the most common blood type in the ABO blood grouping system?

<p>O (A)</p>
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What is the shelf life of CPD blood?

<p>3 weeks (C)</p>
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Which one of the following is a non-immunological complication of blood transfusion?

<p>Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (D)</p>
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Which of the following is a non-immunological complication of blood transfusion?

<p>Transfusion-associated cardiac overload (B)</p>
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What is the most common symptom of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction?

<p>Fever (B)</p>
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Which of the following is an immunological complication of blood transfusion?

<p>Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (B)</p>
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What is the shelf life of autologous blood stored at 2-6 ËšC?

<p>21 days (C)</p>
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Which one of the following is NOT a part of the donor criteria for blood transfusion?

<p>Interval of &gt; 6 months from last donation (B)</p>
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One of the following is not a blood substitute. Which one is it?

<p>Fibrinogen (A)</p>
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One of the following is a complication of massive transfusion. Which one is it?

<p>Hyperthermia (D)</p>
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The acceptable hemoglobin level for perioperative red blood cell transfusion is

<p>&lt; 8 (A)</p>
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Flashcards

Universal Donor Blood Type

Blood type O lacks A and B antigens, making it compatible with all blood types.

Universal Recipient Blood Type

Blood type AB has both A and B antigens, allowing it to receive any blood type.

Shelf Life of CPD Blood

CPD blood can be stored for 3 weeks.

Acceptable Hemoglobin Level for Transfusion

Transfusion is generally considered when hemoglobin levels drop below 8 g/dL.

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Blood Donation Interval

Donors must wait more than 6 months between donations, to replenish blood stores.

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Not a Blood Substitute

Fibrinogen is a clotting factor, not a blood substitute.

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Complication of Massive Transfusion

Rapid blood infusion can cause body temp to rise.

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Not an Indication for Transfusion

Blood transfusions are not typically given for severe burns unless there is significant blood loss or anemia.

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Transfusion Trigger

RBC transfusion is often considered when hemoglobin is less than 10g/dl.

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Symptoms of Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction can cause dyspnea and fever.

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Shelf Life of Autologous Blood

Autologous blood can be stored for 35 days.

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Blood Type: Universal Donor

Blood type O can be given to anyone, but can only receive O blood.

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Most Common Blood Type

Type O is the most common blood type.

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Universal Recipient

Blood type AB can receive any type of blood.

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Complication of Massive Transfusion

A common complication of massive transfusion, an increase in potassium levels.

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Complication of TA-GVHD

Pancytopenia (deficiency of all three blood cell types) is a complication. of TA-GVHD.

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Symptom of TRALI

Fever is a common symptom of TRALI.

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Non-Immunological Complication

Thrombophlebitis (inflammation causing blood clots) is a non-immunological issue.

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Delayed Complication

A build-up of iron, which can damage organs over time.

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Most Important Blood Group System

ABO blood group is used to ensure compatibility.

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Immediate Cause of Febrile Reaction

Pyrogens released during transfusion can cause a fever.

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Delayed Complication of Transfusion

Purpura following transfusion.

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Most Common Cause of Acute Blood Loss

Trauma is the most common cause of acute blood loss.

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Study Notes

Blood Types & Transfusions

  • Blood Type O negative is considered the universal donor because it lacks the A and B antigens and the Rh factor, meaning it can be given to individuals with any blood type without causing an immune reaction.

  • Blood Type AB positive is considered the universal recipient because it has both A and B antigens and the Rh factor, meaning it can receive blood from any blood type without causing an immune reaction.

Blood Transfusion

  • ABO blood group system is the most important one used for blood transfusions.

  • Hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL is an acceptable threshold for perioperative red blood cell transfusion.

  • Hypothermia is a common complication of massive transfusion.

  • Fevers are a common symptom of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction.

  • Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) can manifest with symptoms like dyspnea, hypoxia, and pulmonary edema.

  • Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) can lead to complications including skin rash, diarrhea, and liver dysfunction.

  • Hemolytic transfusion reaction can cause symptoms like fever, chills, back pain, and hemoglobinuria.

Blood Storage & Shelf Life

  • CPD (Citrate Phosphate Dextrose) blood has a shelf life of 35 days when stored at 1-6 degrees Celsius.

  • Autologous blood stored at 2-6°C has a shelf life of 35 days.

Blood Substitutes and Other Considerations

  • Blood substitutes are still under development.

  • Oxygen-carrying solutions are being investigated as a potential alternative to blood transfusion.

  • Donor criteria includes age, weight, medical history, and lifestyle, to ensure the safety of the recipient.

  • Non-immunological complications of blood transfusion include iron overload and hypothermia.

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