On-Board Maintenance Systems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic distinguishes a Class 2 EFB from a Class 1 EFB?

  • Class 2 EFBs are not connected to aircraft power.
  • Class 2 EFBs require airworthiness approval for use. (correct)
  • Class 2 EFBs cannot be connected to a mounting device on the flight deck.
  • Class 2 EFBs are not Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) based.

    • Which of the following is a core component of a Class 3 EFB system?

  • Cabin surveillance cameras
  • Portable keyboard
  • Display Unit (DU) (correct)
  • Cursor Control Device (CCD)

    • In a Class 3 EFB system, what level of independence exists between the captain’s and the first officer’s systems?

  • They are fully integrated and share the same data.
  • They are interconnected for redundancy purposes.
  • The captain’s system mirrors the first officer’s system.
  • They operate independently of each other. (correct)

    • Which EFB class is typically connected to aircraft power and mounted on the flight deck?

    <p>Class 2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a unique application allowed by Class 3 EFBs, but not permitted by Class 1 or Class 2 EFBs?

    <p>Displaying own-ship position on a moving map. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the On-board Maintenance System (OMS)?

    <p>To assist maintenance personnel in fault-finding of complex avionics systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a direct benefit of using an On-board Maintenance System (OMS)?

    <p>Reduced ground time and increased efficiency of maintenance processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the On-board Maintenance System (OMS)?

    <p>In-flight entertainment system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Central Maintenance System (CMS)?

    <p>To extract maintenance data and initialize tests on aircraft systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are main components in the CMS?

    <p>Central Maintenance Computers and Multipurpose Control and Display Units (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity does the On-board Maintenance System (OMS) not directly support?

    <p>Passenger boarding process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the On-board Maintenance System (OMS) contribute to cost effectiveness?

    <p>By minimizing ground time and improving the efficiency of maintenance processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two older media types typically used for transferring information to aircraft?

    <p>3.5-inch disks and CD-ROMs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Portable Data Loader (PDL) or Airborne Data Loader (ADL)?

    <p>To load Field Loadable Software (FLS) into target hardware (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should loading FLS not be recorded?

    <p>Aircraft flight log (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After loading a Loadable Software Aircraft Part (LSAP), what documentation must be issued?

    <p>A Certificate of Release to Service (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of maintaining appropriate procedures for software management?

    <p>To determine the equipment and software configuration of each aircraft (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of a Digital Electronic Library System (DELS)?

    <p>It integrates all technical data for a given aircraft (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical component of a Digital Electronic Library System (DELS)?

    <p>Passenger booking details (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of newer media types, like PCMCIA cards and USB sticks, compared to older media like floppy disks, for transferring information to aircraft?

    <p>Greater storage capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should happen with the original copies of software after Field Loadable Software (FLS) has been loaded?

    <p>They are copied the Aircraft Configuration List (ACL), a copy should be kept on-board the aircraft with a further copy also kept in the operator’s aircraft maintenance records system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding operators' responsibilities for software management?

    <p>Operators are responsible for determining the equipment and software configuration of their aircraft at any time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a typical function of an electronic library system in aviation?

    <p>Providing access to maintenance applications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of an engine emergency, what capability might an electronic library system provide?

    <p>Generating relevant checklists and access to operations manual pages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate amount of paper pages of integrated text and graphics that an airliner usually comes with?

    <p>50,000 pages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could be found inside an electronic library system’s operational requirements?

    <p>Minimum Equipment Lists (MELs). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) is intended to replace which of the following?

    <p>Reference books, aeronautical charts, and mathematical calculations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the displays for Electronic Flight Bags usually installed?

    <p>Side panels of the cockpit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following documents would be found in the Electronic Library System under maintenance applications?

    <p>Illustrated Parts List. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of cabin management tools that can be found on an Electronic Library System?

    <p>Announcement scripts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term used for the "paperless cockpit" concept?

    <p>Electronic Flight Bag (EFB). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization provides similar descriptions of EFB hardware classes as described in AC 120-76A?

    <p>JAA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of messages are recorded in the post-flight report?

    <p>All ECAM warning and caution messages (classes 1 and 2). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item is not stored in the Previous Flight Report (PFR) at each leg opening transition?

    <p>End time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many previous flight legs are stored in the CMC's Previous Flight Report (PFR)?

    <p>63 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a typical large modern commercial aircraft, what provides redundancy of the CMC?

    <p>Two CMCs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method for switching the active CMC?

    <p>Automatic timer switch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that CMC 2 is active and considered the master?

    <p>Illumination of the 'off' legend on the CMC switch. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to CMC failure details?

    <p>They are sent to the main base via the Management Unit (MU) or Air Traffic Service Unit (ATSU). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ARINC 429 link between CMC 1 and CMC 2?

    <p>To enable cross talk (X-TALK) for data exchange between the CMCs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a leg closing transition the CMC memorises which item?

    <p>End time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    On-board Maintenance System (OMS)

    A system designed to assist maintenance personnel in fault-finding complex avionics.

    Central Maintenance System (CMS)

    Enables mechanics to extract maintenance data and perform tests on aircraft systems.

    Central Maintenance Computers (CMC)

    The main computers in the CMS that are responsible for managing maintenance data.

    Multipurpose Control and Display Units (MCDU)

    Interface units that allow mechanics to access and control the CMS.

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    Aircraft Data Loading System

    A system used to load operational data into the aircraft's avionics applications.

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    Electronic Library System

    Provides digital access to aircraft manuals and documentation for maintenance reference.

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    On-board Maintenance Printing

    System for producing maintenance reports and documentation on the aircraft.

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    Current Flight Report

    A report that shows ECAM warnings and failure messages during the current flight.

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    Previous Flight Report (PFR)

    A report compiling all ECAM and failure messages from the last 63 flights.

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    CMC Switch Function

    Allows switching between two CMCs for redundancy in aircraft systems.

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    BITE Fault

    Built-in Test Equipment fault that allows switching of CMCs.

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    Master CMC

    The primary CMC that is connected to all systems during normal operation.

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    ARINC 429 Link

    A communication link for data exchange between two CMCs.

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    MCDU

    Multi-function Control Display Unit used to interact with the CMC.

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    ECAM

    Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor that displays warnings and failure messages.

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    Failure Indication

    A signal shown when a CMC fails, sent to MCDU and printer.

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    Media for Information Transfer

    Standard devices used for loading data into aircraft include 3.5-inch disks, CD-ROMs, and newer types like PCMCIA cards and USB sticks.

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    Field Loadable Software (FLS)

    Software loaded into aircraft using data loaders like Portable Data Loader or Airborne Data Loader, needing verification post-loading.

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    Portable Data Loader (PDL)

    A device used for loading software onto an aircraft's hardware, essential in managing aircraft software.

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    Airborne Data Loader (ADL)

    Similar to PDL, but specifically designed for in-flight software management and updates.

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    Aircraft Configuration List (ACL)

    A document detailing the software configuration of the aircraft, crucial for maintenance tracking.

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    Certificate of Release to Service

    A required document issued after software loading, ensuring the aircraft is safe and compliant.

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    Digital Electronic Library System (DELS)

    Integrated system that consolidates all technical data for an aircraft into one digital resource.

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    Loadable Software Aircraft Part (LSAP)

    A part of the aircraft that can have its software loaded and managed alongside FLS.

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    Maintenance Records System

    A repository where maintenance and software updates of the aircraft are documented for compliance and audits.

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    Operational Requirements

    Documents necessary for flight operations, including manuals and check-lists.

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    Maintenance Applications

    Information and tools required for airplane maintenance and repair tasks.

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    Cabin Management Tools

    Data and resources related to cabin operations and passenger services.

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    Electronic Flight Bag (EFB)

    Device used to replace paper reference materials in the cockpit.

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    Taxi Diagrams

    Visual aids that guide pilots on ground navigation at airports.

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    Flight Manuals

    Comprehensive documents outlining operational procedures and aircraft capabilities.

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    Approach Plates

    Charts that provide guidance for landing approaches to airports.

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    Pre-flight Info

    Essential data needed before aircraft departure, including weather and routes.

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    Minimum Equipment Lists

    Documents detailing equipment that must be operational for flight safety.

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    Class 1 EFB

    Portable COTS-based computer systems for aircraft ops with no mounting device needed.

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    Class 2 EFB

    Portable COTS-based EFBs that require a mounting device and airworthiness approval for use.

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    Class 3 EFB

    Installed EFB systems needing airworthiness approval, supporting complex functions like moving maps.

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    Display Unit (DU)

    Part of the EFB that pilots interact with, via buttons or touch-screen.

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    Cursor Control Device (CCD)

    Optional tool for pilot interaction with the EFB beyond the DU.

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    Study Notes

    On-Board Maintenance Systems (11.18) Learning Objectives

    • Describe the operation and function of aeroplane central maintenance computers (Level 2).
    • Describe the purpose and operation of aircraft data loading systems (Level 2).
    • Describe the operation and purpose of aeroplane electronic library systems (Level 2).
    • Describe the purpose of on-board maintenance printing (Level 2).
    • Describe the purpose and operation of aeroplane structure monitoring systems (also known as damage tolerance monitoring) (Level 2).

    Introduction to Aeroplane On-Board Maintenance

    • On-board Maintenance System (OMS) assists maintenance personnel in fault-finding complex avionics systems.
    • OMS integrates with aircraft systems for various functions.
    • Supported Activities: aircraft maintenance (scheduled/unscheduled), engineering follow-up (systems/aircraft monitoring), aircraft reconfiguration.
    • OMS minimizes ground time and increases efficiency of maintenance processes.
    • OMS consists of Central Maintenance System (CMS), data loading system, electronic library system, and report printing system.

    Aeroplane Central Maintenance Computers

    • CMS extracts maintenance data for most aircraft systems and initializes tests.
    • Main components include Central Maintenance Computers (CMC 1 and 2) and Multipurpose Control and Display Units (MCDUs 1, 2, and 3).
    • CMC processes data from system computers (BITE memories).
    • MCDUs control and display messages from other related systems.

    Modes

    • CMS operates in two modes: normal mode and menu mode.
    • Normal mode: records fault messages from Flight Warning Computers (FWC) and BITE functions in computers (permanent real-time memorization of fault data).
    • Menu mode: operator obtains troubleshooting data and performs self-tests via MCDU (maintenance bite). This mode is only available on the ground.

    Central Maintenance Computer

    • CMC provides a centralized location for aircraft fault information.
    • Used with Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM) (Airbus) or Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System (EICAS) (Boeing) cockpit display systems.
    • Transmits primary, independent warnings or maintenance status warnings.
    • CMC correlates the messages with aircraft parameters like date, time, and flight phase.

    CMC Data

    • CMC memory stores maintenance data for retrieval.
    • CPU organizes received data into reports.
    • Post or current flight reports show all ECAM warning/caution and failure messages (class 1 or 2) recorded during a current flight.
    • Data stored: leg heading, date, flight number, city pair from/to, start/end time, A/C identification, warning messages, ATA, Sub-ATA, calculated warning code/type.
    • CMC compiles a Previous Flight Report (PFR), which stores ECAM/failure messages from the previous 63 flight legs.
    • CMC memorizes end time and city pair to at each leg closing transition.

    CMC Switching Control and Self-Test Function

    • Two CMCs are typically used (CMC 1 as master).
    • Switching can occur through BITE fault, MCDU selection, or a pushbutton switch.
    • CMC 2 becomes active if CMC 1 fails (or manually switched).
    • Failure indications are displayed on MCDU and printer; failure details are also sent to main base (via ACARS or ATSU).
    • CMC 1 and CMC 2 communicate via ARINC 429 link for cross-talk (X-TALK); status and master/slave selection from one CMC to other CMC.

    Flight Warning Computers and ECAM Displays

    • Flight warning computers monitor data and display warnings or system information, including flight phase and information duration.
    • Data is stored in a non-volatile memory system.
    • System failures are classified in three categories, based on operational and safety consequences (Class 1, 2, and 3).

    Aeroplane System Computers

    • Aircraft systems are linked to CMC via different hardware interfaces and BITE characteristics.
    • System computers are categorized into types 1, 2, and 3 based on memory and CMC connection.
    • Type 1: connected to both CMCs (ARINC 429 output) and CMC 1 (ARINC 429 input), memorizes failures for the last 64 flights.
    • Type 2: memorizes failures from the last flight, initialised via a discrete input (ARINC 429 bus).
    • Type 3: cannot memorise failure messages, initialized/reset via discrete input and indicates OK/not OK status.

    Multifunction Control Display Unit (MCDU)

    • MCDU consists of a screen for displaying data, alphanumeric keyboard, and line keys to send commands to connected systems.
    • Used for accessing CMC data, testing functions (self-tests, removal/installation for LRU checks), and troubleshooting guided tests.

    Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)

    • CMC integrates with ACARS, SATCOM, wireless LAN, and other communication systems.
    • Information is sent from aircraft before arrival at destination allowing troubleshooting to begin.

    Data Loading System

    • Software loaders are needed to update software.
    • Typically linked with FMS or data bus couplers.
    • Data loaders can be portable or integrated into the avionics system.
    • Used to install, update software, and download data from on-board computers.
    • Airborne data loaders: Multipurpose Disc Drive Units (MDDUs) on Airbus aircraft and Maintenance Access Terminals (MATs) on Boeing.

    Portable Data Loaders

    • Interface cable connects PDL to the PMAT (Portable Maintenance Access Terminal) and ARINC data buses for loading.
    • Also supports wireless link for ground personnel to interface with server.

    Data Loading

    • Software installation and configuration similar to home computers.
    • Operator selects computer to receive software update using the Cursor Control Device (CCD) of the Maintenance Access Terminal (MAT).

    Electronic Flight Bag (EFB)

    • Paperless cockpit concept using electronic devices.
    • Tasks previously done with reference books and charts performed.
    • Information displayed on additional display units (normally on side panels).
    • Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA) classify EFB into Class 1, 2, and 3 categories of hardware.

    Class 1 EFB

    • Portable, COTS-based computer systems.
    • Connected to aircraft power, not permanently mounted.
    • No administrative control required.
    • Considered Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs).

    Class 2 EFB

    • Portable, COTS-based computer systems.
    • Connected during operations to a mounting device.
    • Requires airworthiness approval before use.
    • Considered Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs).

    Class 3 EFB

    • Installed systems, not PEDs.
    • Requires airworthiness approval (uses applications not performed with Class 1/2).
    • Can use moving map software, showing "own-ship" position.
    • Includes Display Unit (DU) and Electronics Unit (EU).
    • Flight crew interaction via buttons, touch-screen, keyboard, cursor control device, optional camera integration.

    Display Unit (DU)

    • Operates as a computer monitor and input device, using AMLCD touchscreen for graphics and video.
    • Features include push-buttons, line selection keys (related to data displayed).
    • Power supplied by EU.
    • Displays main menu, graphics data, and potentially data from opposite-side DU via fiber-optic cable.

    Aeroplane Printer

    • Prints reports from multiple systems.
    • Systems integrated include Flight Management System (FMS), Central Maintenance System (CMS), Engine Monitoring System (EMS), Air Traffic Service Unit (ATSU), Aircraft Condition Monitoring System (ACMS).
    • Printouts available in-flight or on-ground.

    Printing Process

    • Manual or automatic printing from the MCDUs, dependent on the system configuration.
    • Can print various reports, including maintenance, pre-flight clearance, weight and balance, ATIS, aircraft condition monitoring, power plant trends, weather, and radar reports, and flight crew logs.

    Aeroplane Condition Monitoring System (Structural Monitoring)

    • Monitors the fatigue life of components for preventative maintenance.
    • Identifies flight phases with the greatest load on the airframe for operational avoidance.
    • Examines configurations with greatest load factors.
    • Uses sensors, strain gauges, and piezoelectric sensors (data acquisition system).
    • Converted electrical signals are sent for analysis to a control centre.

    Strain Gauges

    • Change in shape (thinner, longer) implies greater resistance.
    • Used for measuring physical stress within elastic limit.
    • Typical resistance range 30 ohms to 3k ohms (unstressed).

    Strain Sensor-Wheatstone Bridge Configuration

    • A bridge circuit is used to accurately measure the small resistance changes in strain gauges.

    Piezo Sensors

    • Generate electricity when mechanically deformed.
    • Produce positive voltages on deformation in one direction and negative voltages in the opposite direction.

    Strain Gauge Bonding

    • Strain gauges bonded or welded for precise positioning (uses special jigs, adhesive).
    • Bonding process is critical and can take hours/days to allow for adhesive curing to ensure accuracy.

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