Questions and Answers
What is a fault?
An exceptional situation at run time.
What is a defect?
Any characteristic of a product which hinders its usability for its intended purpose.
What is a bug report?
Provides information about a defect.
What is a feature request?
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What is an issue?
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What is the defect report lifecycle?
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What is triage?
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What does severity refer to?
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What is defect priority?
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What is assignment in the context of defect management?
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What does the defect report resolution status indicate?
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What is a Debugger?
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What does fault localization involve?
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What is a signal in computing?
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What is a signal handler?
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What is a watch point?
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What is a spectrum-based fault location tool?
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What is a profiler?
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What does a flat profile compute?
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What does a call-graph profile compute?
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What is Delta Debugging?
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What does a difference indicate in the context of debugging?
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What are requirements?
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What are system requirements?
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What are software requirements?
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What is the indicative mood?
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What is the optative mood?
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What are functional requirements?
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What are quality requirements?
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What is an informal goal?
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What is a verifiable non-functional requirement?
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What is knowledge acquisition?
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What is knowledge representation?
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What is an omission?
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What is a contradiction?
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What does inadequacy refer to in requirements?
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What is ambiguity in requirements?
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What is requirements elicitation?
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What is validation in the context of requirements?
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What is verification?
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What is risk in software development?
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Who is a stakeholder?
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What is content analysis in software development?
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What is terminology clash?
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What is designation clash?
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What is structure clash?
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What is strong conflict?
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What is weak conflict (divergence)?
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What is decomposition in software design?
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What is traceability?
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What is fault tree analysis?
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What is descriptive modeling?
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What is a prescriptive model?
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What is delegation in object-oriented programming?
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What is a software design pattern?
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What is the template method design pattern?
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What is the strategy design pattern?
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What is design by contract?
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What is library oriented architecture?
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What are structural design patterns?
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What is the adapter design pattern?
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What is the composite design pattern?
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What is the proxy design pattern?
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What are creational design patterns?
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What is the named constructor idiom?
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What is the factory method pattern?
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What is an anti-pattern?
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What is the singleton pattern?
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What are behavioral design patterns?
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What is the observer pattern?
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What is template method behavioral design?
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What is technology transfer?
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What does BOLD stand for?
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What is top-down comprehension?
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What are plans in cognitive processes?
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What is bottom-up comprehension?
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What is semantic chucking?
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What is neural efficiency?
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What is the Swiss Cheese Model?
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Study Notes
Faults and Defects
- A fault is an exceptional situation encountered during runtime, potentially leading to errors in software operation.
- A defect refers to any characteristic of a product that impairs its usability for intended purposes.
Reporting and Issues
- A bug report provides detailed information about identified defects in software.
- A feature request suggests modifications or enhancements to the software's intended purpose.
- The term issue encompasses both bug reports and feature requests, highlighting the need for resolution.
Defect Management Process
- The defect report lifecycle includes stages such as reporting, confirmation, triage, assignment, resolution, and verification, following a non-linear path.
- Triage assesses the urgency of defects and issues, determining the order of treatment.
- Severity measures the impact of a defect on software functionality, influencing prioritization for fixes.
- Defect priority conveys the urgency of addressing a defect, guiding development efforts accordingly.
- Assignment tasks a developer with addressing a specific defect report for resolution.
Debugging Techniques
- A Debugger is a tool that helps identify the source of program errors by allowing single-stepping through code.
- Fault localization focuses on identifying which parts of the source code are implicated in a bug.
- A Signal is an asynchronous notification sent to processes to indicate significant events.
- A Signal handler is a procedure executed when a specific signal occurs, though it may be vulnerable to race conditions.
- A Watch point halts execution when a specific memory location's value changes, useful for monitoring state.
Performance Assessment Tools
- A Profiler analyzes program performance, measuring the frequency and duration of function calls.
- The Flat profile provides average call times per function, lacking contextual breakdown.
- The Call-graph profile details function call times along with their respective call chains.
Strategies for Debugging
- Delta Debugging automates debugging by identifying minimal subsets of configurations that lead to faults.
- Difference denotes any change in program state potentially leading to different outcomes.
Requirements Engineering
- Requirements define the interactions between a desired system and its environment, including functional expectations and constraints.
- System requirements detail the relationships between controlled and monitored variables.
- Software requirements specify the relationship between inputs and outputs.
- Functional Requirements outline expected functionalities and must meet completeness, consistency, and precision criteria.
- Quality requirements serve as design criteria for selecting between alternative software implementations.
Conflicts and Challenges in Requirements
- Omission indicates a feature not mentioned in any requirement document (RD).
- Contradiction occurs when RD items conflict with each other, causing confusion.
- Inadequacy refers to poorly defined RD items that lack clarity.
- Ambiguity arises when RD items can be interpreted in multiple ways.
Elicitation and Validation
- Requirements elicitation is the process for identifying system requirements through stakeholder engagement and analysis of alternatives.
- Validation checks if requirements correctly represent user needs, while verification ensures software aligns with those requirements.
Stakeholder Involvement
- A stakeholder is any individual or group affected by the system, encompassing end-users, clients, and developers.
Patterns in Software Design
- Software design patterns provide reusable solutions to common design challenges, emphasizing separation of structure from implementation.
- Creational design patterns simplify object creation methods to enhance flexibility and control.
- Structural design patterns facilitate relationships among entities in software development.
- Behavioral design patterns define common communication patterns between objects, improving interaction and efficiency.
Specialized Patterns and Terms
- The Observer pattern notifies dependent objects when a subject's state changes, establishing a one-to-many relationship.
- The Adapter design pattern allows incompatible interfaces to work together, ensuring compatibility.
- The Singleton pattern restricts instantiation to a single instance, offering a global access point, typically used when a class must have one instance.
Cognitive Processes and Models
- Top-down comprehension involves guidance from existing knowledge and semantic cues to understand code.
- Bottom-up comprehension builds understanding from individual components into a cohesive whole.
- Semantic chucking enables abstraction of fine details into broader concepts for easier processing.
- Neural efficiency describes how lower brain activation indicates higher cognitive efficiency during complex tasks.
Additional Concepts
- The Swiss Cheese Model implies that every process step carries failure potential, requiring layered defenses to mitigate risks.
- Technology transfer involves transforming research ideas into usable products for practical application.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards focused on key terms in software engineering from the EECS 481 course. Learn definitions related to faults, defects, bug reports, and more essential concepts. Perfect for exam preparation!