7.1

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Questions and Answers

What is marginal utility?

  • The fixed amount of satisfaction derived from a good regardless of quantity
  • The total utility derived from consuming multiple units of a good
  • The increase in total utility from consuming one more unit of a good (correct)
  • The overall satisfaction from a specific good or service

Why is it challenging for consumers to purchase fractional quantities of goods?

  • Goods are always available only in whole units
  • Consumers typically do not want to spend more than $1
  • The total utility of fractional goods is always lower
  • Retailers often prohibit the sale of fractional goods (correct)

What characterizes the utility-maximizing condition for consumers?

  • Total expenditure exceeds the budget limit
  • The ratios of marginal utility to price must be equal for all consumed goods (correct)
  • Total utility is maximized regardless of price ratios
  • Marginal utility remains constant as consumption increases

Which of the following statements about total utility is correct?

<p>Total utility is a conceptual measure of satisfaction gained from consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to marginal utility as a consumer consumes more of a good or service?

<p>Marginal utility begins to fall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of utility in economics?

<p>The satisfaction or pleasure derived from consuming goods or services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between total utility and marginal utility?

<p>Total utility is the overall satisfaction from consuming a quantity of goods, while marginal utility is the additional satisfaction from consuming one more unit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of diminishing marginal utility state?

<p>As more units of a good are consumed, the additional satisfaction gained from each subsequent unit decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hypothetical device did Francis Edgeworth propose to measure utility?

<p>Hedonometer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does maximizing utility imply for consumers?

<p>Arranging consumption to achieve the highest possible level of satisfaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is total utility defined?

<p>The overall satisfaction gained from consuming a set quantity of a good over a specified period. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'utility-maximizing condition' refer to?

<p>The point at which marginal utility equals marginal cost for a good. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about the utility of a good like a peach?

<p>It is dependent on the individual consumer's reactions and preferences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum total utility that Mr. Higgins achieves from attending movies?

<p>115 units (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the relationship between total utility and the number of movies Mr. Higgins sees?

<p>Total utility increases initially but then levels off. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does marginal utility represent in the context of Mr. Higgins's movie consumption?

<p>The additional utility gained from consuming one more movie. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the marginal utility of Mr. Higgins's movie consumption become zero?

<p>After watching 7 movies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the downward slope of the marginal utility curve indicate about Mr. Higgins’s consumption of movies?

<p>His satisfaction from each additional movie decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if the law of diminishing marginal utility did not hold?

<p>Consumers would consume a single good excessively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When Mr. Higgins watches his first movie, what is the increase in his total utility?

<p>36 units (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Mr. Higgins sees 3 movies, what will be his total utility?

<p>83 units (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the total utility curve indicate when it becomes horizontal?

<p>Total utility has peaked and is not increasing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend does the marginal utility curve typically display?

<p>It slopes downward as more of a good is consumed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding consumer behavior as per the maximization of utility?

<p>Consumers make choices to ensure maximizing their total utility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key principle behind the law of diminishing marginal utility?

<p>Utility from each additional unit decreases after reaching a certain point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given Mr. Higgins’s total utility curve, how does he maximize his satisfaction?

<p>By consuming 6 movies each month. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the budget constraint imply for Mr. Higgins in terms of his consumption choices?

<p>He must choose to maximize his utility without exceeding his budget. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should consumers decide between spending on two goods according to the marginal decision rule?

<p>Shift spending from one good to another if the marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calculation for the utility gained by spending an additional dollar on good X?

<p>The marginal utility of good X divided by its price. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the marginal utility of good X as a consumer consumes more of it?

<p>It decreases due to the law of diminishing marginal utility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does utility maximization occur in terms of the ratios of marginal utility to price?

<p>When the ratios of marginal utility to price are equal for all goods and services. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Mr. Higgins wants to increase his utility, what must he do according to the content?

<p>Shift his spending from a lower utility good to a higher utility good. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'divisibility' imply in the context of applying the marginal decision rule?

<p>Consumers can buy fractional amounts of goods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when the marginal utility gained from good X is greater than that from good Y?

<p>Consumers should shift spending from good Y to good X for greater utility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by the condition at which the marginal benefit and marginal cost are equal?

<p>Utility is maximized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of a budget constraint?

<p>It restricts total spending to the available budget. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a shopper decides to spend more on ice cream than cookies, what principle are they following?

<p>The marginal decision rule to increase total utility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do consumers generally respond to a change in the price of a good?

<p>They adjust their consumption to maximize utility based on the new prices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would borrowing or saving alter the budget constraint?

<p>Consumers can spread expenditures over multiple periods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of marginal utility imply about consumer preferences?

<p>The satisfaction from consumed goods decreases with increased consumption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Utility

Satisfaction derived from consuming goods, services, or activities.

Total Utility

Total satisfaction gained from consuming a specific quantity of something.

Marginal Utility

Extra satisfaction obtained from consuming one additional unit of something.

Diminishing Marginal Utility

Marginal utility decreases as consumption increases.

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Hedonimeter

Hypothetical device to measure pleasure or satisfaction.

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Utility Maximization

Consumer behavior aimed at getting the highest possible satisfaction from consumption.

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Subjective Utility

Utility is based on the consumer's feeling, not an absolute measure.

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Utility Maximizing Condition

Point where the ratio of marginal utility to price is equal for all goods.

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Budget Constraint

Limitation on spending imposed by available income and prices.

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Utility Maximization

Choosing goods and services to get maximum satisfaction, given budget constraints.

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Marginal Decision Rule

Expand an activity if its marginal benefit outweighs its marginal cost.

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Marginal Benefit (Spending)

Extra utility from spending $1 more on a good.

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Marginal Cost (Spending)

Lost utility from spending $1 less on another good.

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Marginal Utility / Price

The utility gained per dollar spent on a good.

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Utility-Maximizing Condition

Point where Marginal Utility/Price is equal for all goods; maximum utility.

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Divisible Goods

Goods that can be bought in any quantity.

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Spending = Budget

Total spending must equal available budget.

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Budget Constraint over time

Consumers can save and borrow to affect consumption across various periods.

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Consumer choices (short-term)

Choices are only based on the money available within the set period.

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Consumption of 2 goods

Analysis simplifies to only 2 goods to illustrate core principals without complicating calculations.

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Equilibrium Condition

Utility maximization happens when the marginal benefit of an action equals the marginal cost.

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Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility

Additional satisfaction from consuming more of a good decreases as more is consumed.

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Utility maximization with several goods

The utility maximization principle applies to any number of goods.

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Marginal Utility

The extra satisfaction gained from consuming one more unit of something.

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Diminishing Marginal Utility

Extra satisfaction decreases as consumption increases.

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Utility Maximization

Getting the maximum satisfaction from spending a certain amount.

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Utility-maximizing condition

Point where the ratio of marginal utility to price is equal for all goods.

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Divisible Goods

Goods that can be broken down into smaller parts.

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Total Utility

Total satisfaction from consuming a certain quantity of something.

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Marginal Utility

Extra satisfaction from consuming one more unit.

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Diminishing Marginal Utility

Extra satisfaction from each additional unit decreases.

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Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility

The tendency for marginal utility to fall beyond a certain level of consumption.

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Utility Maximization

Getting the highest possible satisfaction from spending.

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Budget Constraint

Limit on spending imposed by income and prices.

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Maximizing Utility

Consumer behavior by getting greatest satisfaction with available budget.

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Movie Consumption

Utilty maximizing consumption of movies within budget.

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Total Utility Curve

Shows total satisfaction at varying consumption levels.

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Marginal Utility Curve

Shows extra satisfaction from each additional unit consumed.

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Marginal Utility / Price

Extra satisfaction per dollar spent on a movie.

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Utility-Maximizing Condition

Where marginal utility per dollar spent is the same for every product.

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Divisible good

A good that can be purchased in any quantity.

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Spending = Budget

Amount spent equals total income available.

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