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Questions and Answers
Who is considered the founder of Structuralism?
Which school of thought focuses on how the mind enables an organism to adapt and function in its environment?
Who opposed the idea of structuralism and emphasized empirical and rational thought?
Which method criticized in psychology lacked agreement due to differing opinions on self-analysis?
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Who was influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in the context of psychology?
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Who introduced the school of thought known as Functionalism?
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Who is credited as the founder of the school of thought known as structuralism?
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Which school of thought is still regarded as the science of conscious experience?
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Which aspect does Functionalism focus on, according to the text?
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What was the main method used in structuralism to analyze the simplest form of mental processes?
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Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning or respondent conditioning?
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Which school of thought emphasizes the analysis of mental structures into their simplest forms?
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Which psychologist proposed the concept of operant conditioning?
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Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes how people organize their perceptions into meaningful wholes?
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Which school of thought replaced both Functionalism and Structuralism in psychology?
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Which school of thought in psychology is associated with the concepts of unconscious motivations and childhood experiences?
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Who believed that behavior is public and consciousness is private?
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Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis in psychology?
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Study Notes
Key Figures in Psychological Schools of Thought
- Founder of Structuralism: Wilhelm Wundt is credited as the founder of structuralism, establishing it as a major branch of psychology.
- Functionalism: This school of thought focuses on how the mind enables an organism to adapt and function effectively within its environment.
- Critics of Structuralism: William James opposed structuralism, advocating for empiricism and rational thought, emphasizing the importance of understanding mental processes through practical applications.
Psychological Methods and Concepts
- Self-Analysis Method: The introspective method, heavily criticized in psychology due to the lack of consensus among practitioners about the validity of self-reporting subjective experiences.
- Influence of Darwin: Functionalism was notably influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, emphasizing adaptation and survival.
- Method of Structuralism: Introspection was the primary technique used in structuralism to analyze the simplest forms of mental processes.
Schools of Thought and Their Emphases
- Classical Conditioning: Introduced by Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning pertains to learning through association between stimuli.
- Focus of Functionalism: Functionalism evaluates mental processes based on their role in human survival and adaptation rather than merely their structure.
- Emphasis of Gestalt Psychology: This school of thought analyzes how people organize their perceptions into meaningful wholes, emphasizing holistic processing.
- Replacement of Functionalism and Structuralism: Behaviorism emerged as the dominant school of thought, superseding both functionalism and structuralism in psychology.
Key Psychological Concepts and Theories
- Operant Conditioning: B.F. Skinner proposed the concept of operant conditioning, focusing on the consequences of behavior as a way to modify actions.
- Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud is considered the founder of psychoanalysis, emphasizing unconscious motivations and childhood experiences as critical factors in psychological development.
- Public Behavior vs. Private Consciousness: Behavior was viewed by some theorists as public, while consciousness was accepted as private, highlighting the complexity of understanding human psychology.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Edward Bradford Titchener, Wundt's student, and his contributions to psychology with a focus on structuralism. Explore his beliefs on psychology's purpose and the method of introspection used in his system.
