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Questions and Answers
What is the primary aim of the philosophy of Perennialism in education?
In the philosophy of Essentialism, what role do teachers primarily play?
Which educational philosophy emphasizes the use of great books, such as the Bible and Classical literature?
What is a key focus of Progressive education?
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What do Reconstructionists believe is the primary aim of education?
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A major characteristic of Progressive education is the emphasis on which of the following?
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Which of the following trends is associated with Essentialism?
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Which learning theory suggests that psychology plays a critical role in organizing curriculum effectively?
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What is emphasized as the main focus of curriculum according to Carl Rogers?
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Who is credited with starting the curriculum development movement?
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What aspect does Franklin Bobbit associate with curriculum development?
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What is one of the historical foundations of curriculum development mentioned in the content?
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According to the content, what influences children’s learning and behavior in class?
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What does Carl Rogers suggest is more important than cognitive scores in education?
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What key principle is associated with the approach to learning and behavior mentioned in the content?
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What is the correct order of the stages of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget?
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Which of the following statements best reflects a proposed theory about curriculum mentioned in the content?
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According to Lev Vygotsky, what comes first in the learning process?
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Which key concept describes the balance between prior and new learning in Piaget's theory?
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What role does pedagogy play according to Vygotsky's view of learning?
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Which of the following is a task introduced by Robert Gagne in objective formulation?
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What is meant by ‘assimilation’ in Piaget's learning theory?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between society and cognitive actions according to Vygotsky?
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In which stage of development does Piaget suggest children start to think logically about concrete events?
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What concept describes the ability to process information in multiple ways, according to Howard Gardner?
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According to Daniel Goleman, which term reflects the influence of emotions on behavioral actions?
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Which intelligence involves the ability to understand and manipulate musical patterns?
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What aspect does Gestalt Theory emphasize in learning?
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Which intelligence is characterized by the ability to understand one's own emotions and motivations?
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According to Abraham Maslow, what is essential for a learner to grow and actualize their potential?
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What is an essential component of the Keys to Learning concept?
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Which intelligence involves the ability to work effectively with others and understand social dynamics?
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What did Hilda Taba contribute to education?
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What is a key principle described by Peter Oliva regarding curriculum change?
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Which two elements did John Dewey identify as needing reconstruction in education?
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What did John Dewey suggest about the future of education and technology?
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How does the concept of knowledge relate to curriculum, based on the information provided?
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Which of the following statements best describes society's role in curriculum?
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What underlying belief is expressed in Peter Oliva's views on educational planning?
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What does the term 'experimental intelligence' refer to in educational context as mentioned?
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Study Notes
Educational Philosophies
- Perennialism: Focus on educating rational individuals; emphasizes critical thinking through classical subjects and enduring curriculum using great books like the Bible and classics.
- Essentialism: Aims to promote intellectual growth; teachers are the primary authority, concentrating on essential skills (reading, writing, arithmetic) and advocating for a "back to basics" approach.
- Progressive Education: Encourages democratic living; teachers facilitate lifelong learning, emphasizing interdisciplinary, learner-centered, and outcomes-based education while promoting equal opportunities and a contextualized curriculum.
- Reconstructionism: Seeks to improve society; teachers act as change agents, focusing on current educational needs and advocating for curriculum reform, global education, and collaborative standards.
Learning Theories and Contributors
- Robert Gagne: Introduced tasking for objective formulation; emphasized a structured approach to learning where behavior follows a Hierarchy and prerequisite conditions.
- Jean Piaget: Proposed stages of cognitive development: Sensorimotor (0-2), Preoperational (2-7), Concrete operations (7-11), and Formal operations (11+). Key concepts include assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration for learning.
- Lev Vygotsky: Emphasized sociocultural theory where learning precedes development; children learn through societal interactions, making them active agents in their education.
- Howard Gardner: Introduced the theory of multiple intelligences; identified eight distinct intelligences including linguistic, logico-mathematical, and interpersonal.
- Daniel Goleman: Advocated for Emotional Quotient (EQ) and its significant role in affecting actions and interactions.
- Gestalt Theory: Focuses on "wholeness" in learning; emphasizes the importance of organization in stimuli and learners' prior experiences in problem analysis.
- Abraham Maslow: Proposed that individual self-actualization is crucial for learners; emphasized the need for the fulfillment of basic needs for effective learning.
- Carl Rogers: Highlighted the importance of personal needs in learning; posited that teaching should focus more on process than on content or product.
Historical Foundations of Curriculum Development
- Franklin Bobbitt: Initiated curriculum development as a science focusing on students’ needs and adult life preparation, linking objectives with activities.
- Ralph Tyler: Emphasized the scientific approach to curriculum; objectives must align with subject matter and content.
- Hilda Taba: Contributed to critical thinking and concept development in social studies, advocating for diverse student populations.
- Peter Oliva: Stressed the significance of collaborative effort in curriculum change, asserting that improvement arises from collective activity.
Social Foundations of Curriculum
- John Dewey: Viewed schools and civil society as pivotal in encouraging experimental intelligence and plurality. Advocated for knowledge that prepares students for future challenges arising from technological advancements.
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Description
Explore the various educational philosophies including Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressive Education, and Reconstructionism. Understand how these philosophies shape teaching approaches and influence learning outcomes. Additionally, delve into the contributions of theorists like Robert Gagne to the field of education.
