Educational Philosophies and Approaches

• Course focuses on society as context for schools' establishment.
• Educational philosophies form the basis for schools and schooling.
• School culture, organizational leadership, policies, and procedures prepare teachers for leadership roles.

Society

• Refers to a large group sharing common institutions, cultures, traditions, laws, and values.
• Is a network of relationships shaping interactions among individuals, the environment, and institutions.
• Represents shared norms and practices influencing behavior.

Community

• A smaller, localized group sharing a sense of belonging, identity, or common interests.
• Forms based on location, cultural similarities, or shared goals.
• Is more direct with support systems and personal connection.

Education

• A process acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and cultural norms.
• Occurs formally in schools or informally through life experiences.
• Socializes, shapes worldviews, and prepares individuals for societal participation.

Social Interaction

• Ways individuals communicate, engage, and relate within a society or community.
• Includes verbal and non-verbal communication, cooperation, conflict, and relationship-building.
• Influences everything from individual behaviors to broader societal patterns.
• Culture, norms, and values pass from one generation to the next through it.

School Culture

• Shared values, beliefs, practices, and behaviors characterizing a school environment.
• Encompasses attitudes of students, teachers, administrators, and community towards learning, discipline, inclusivity, and collaboration.
• Positive cultures foster mutual respect, motivation, and support.

Education and Society Relationship

• Relationship is complex and reciprocal.
• Education shapes society, and society influences education systems' design, implementation, and experiences.

Socialization and Cultural Transmission

• Education socializes individuals into societal norms, values, and customs.
• Schools teach young people to interact, respect authority, and participate in civic life.
• Individuals gain knowledge necessary to function as society members through it.
• Transmits cultural heritage, traditions, language, and beliefs from one generation to the next.

Social Stratification and Inequality

• Education systems can reflect and perpetuate societal hierarchies based on class, race, and gender.
• Those with greater resources have advantages in the education system.
• Inequalities in opportunities and outcomes result in class and social divisions across generations.
• Hidden curriculums exist that beyond the official curriculum that teach implicit lessons about social roles, power dynamics, and expectations, reinforcing societal norms and inequalities.

Education and Social Change

• Education can transform society.
• Encourages critical thinking, awareness of social issues, and promotes equity and justice.
• Challenges the status quo.
• Educational movements push for societal transformation.
• Empowers marginalized groups to question and challenge oppressive structures.
• Leads to increased political participation and social spheres

Education and Economic Development

• Education plays a crucial role in preparing individuals for the workforce.
• Skills, knowledge, and training acquired through systems help individuals meet modern economy needs.
• The economic structure influences access to quality education
• Those from wealthier backgrounds may have access to private schools and higher education.
• Those from disadvantaged backgrounds may face barriers to accessing quality education.

Social Control and Regulation

• Schools are institutions of control and regulation.
• Establish rules and codes of conduct, maintain social order, instill obedience, and promote conformity.
• Education content is shaped by those in power and reflects dominant ideologies.
• Textbooks may emphasize perspectives and historical events, shaping how individuals perceive society.

Democracy and Civic Engagement

• Education prepares for democratic society participation.
• Helps students with critical thinking skills necessary for informed decision-making
• Helps with understanding of political systems, rights, and responsibilities.
• Should equip citizens to engage in civic life and participate in shaping the future.
• Schools teach citizenship values, such as responsibility, fairness, and respect for diversity.

Globalization and Education

• As society becomes interconnected, education prepares individuals for a globalized world.

• By fostering an understanding of global issues, and preparing individuals to work in diverse multicultural environments.

• Global disparities exist because of the access to education

• Many countries, particularly in the Global South, faced challenges in quality, access, and funding of education.

• These perpetuate cycles of poverty and hinder social mobility across nation

• The relationship between society and education is dynamic with each influencing others

• Understanding the interplay between society is critical for creating inclusive systems capable of fostering both indivdual and collective growth

Philosophical Perspectives In Education

• Philosophical perspectives in education is way of thinking about why we educate
• influences methods and curriculum
• Different Philosophers and Educational Theorists developed these perspective throughout time

Perennialism

• Focuses on timeless, universal truths and values that remain relevant through history.
• Influenced by Plato, Aristotle, and Thomas Aquinas.
• Emphasizes studying classical texts, the Great Books, and promotes critical thinking, moral and intellectual virtues.
• It want to engage student's in the best of human though and culture

Essentialism

• Focuses on essential knowledge and skills necessary for individuals to function in society.
• Influenced by William Bagley, E.D. Hirsch.
• Advocates for a core curriculum of reading, writing, math, science, and history.
• Emphasizes discipline, order, and structure.

Progressivism

• Should be student-centered, emphasizing experience, problem-solving, and active learning.
• Influenced by John Dewey, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky.
• Focuses on learning by doing, encouraging students to explore, experiment, and engage with real-world issues.

Reconstructivism

• Education should address social injustices, creating a more equitable society.
• Influenced by Paulo Freire and Theodore Brameld.
• Stresses education's role in critiquing and changing society.
• Encourages students to engage with social, political, and economic issues and become agents of change.

Existentialism

• Focuses education on individual freedom, choice, and personal responsibility.
• Influenced by Jean-Paul Sartre, Søren Kierkegaard, and Martin Heidegger.
• Focuses on the development of the individual, encouraging you to define their won meaning and purpose in life.
• Emphasis on personal responsiblity critical thinking and self determination

Pragmatism

• Knowledge and truth are practical and should be applied to real-life problems.
• Influenced by John Dewey, William James, and Charles Peirce.
• Emphasizes on hads on, experemental learning
• Emphasis on learning by doing
• Should prepare students to solve real world problems through critical thinking, expermiation, and collaboration

Critical Pedagogy

• Empowers students to question and challenge oppressive social structures and systems of power.
• Influenced by Paulo Freire, Henry Giroux, bell hooks.
• Stresses the importance of social justice and encourages students to examine inequality
• Seeks to crate a more democratic enviornment where students have a voice in shaping thier learning experinces

Feminist Pedagogy

• Education should address gender inequities and promote inclusivity. Influenced by bell hooks, Margaret L. Anderson, and Paulo Freire. Seeks to dismantle hierarchical power structures Advocated for more equitable and inclusive expereinces, emphazies collaberation, and diverse percpectives

Functionalism

• Views education as maintaining social stability and ensuring smooth operation of society
• Education transmits cultural values and norms to the next generation, socialization.
• Integrate diverse individuals promoting social cohesion and shared identit

Role Allocation

• Education sorts individuals into various roles within the workforce based on skills and abilities.

Social Control

• Instills discpline, obedience and respect of authority

Conflict Theory

• Education as a means or reinforcing social inequlities

Inequality and Power

Education often favors the wealthy and powerful

Cultural Capital

• That the education vales the class culture and put disadvantages agains the working class

Reproduction of Inequality

• By maintain social ineqlities by prearing students for roles

Symbolic Interactionism

• Symbolix interation focusus on the micro level of education, examining how interactions shapers experiences

Labelling Label students leads to affect Self esteem.

Student Identity

Students crate and negoaitate

Feminist Theory

• Focus on how geneder influences educational experince

Gender Inequlity

Hidden Curriculum

• Reinfoces tradittional role

Empowermen and Enqulity

Elimnation of gender biases in education

Critical Theory

• Examines how education contributes to the reinforcement of power dynamics in society.

Oppression and Liberation

That education should not be be use a tool of socialization but a means of liberating people from oppressive social structured

Curriculum and knowldge Margnializes minority's groups

Educational for social changed

Schools And Soical Institutions

• Central to shaping society and indidvuals
• Provides structure in the lives of the member
• Each has a role in influecing the behaviours

Family THe family is often considered social instituotin in which indviduals are socialize.

Education

Knowlede tranmitted from on generations

SOcializaton

School teach not just acadmenic socializatoin

Meritocracy

• Education is ofen means of indviuals to achigve socail mobility
• transmit knoeld

SOcial control education plays a role in chapring beahbiors

Social Interation

• The family shpes eduation opoutunity and eudcation in trun, shape access to economic oputnit

Family Regulatiosn

regulatiations Both family structure an economic systems