Edema Measurement and Management Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of a 2+ pitting edema?

  • 8 mm pit with more than 20 seconds to rebound
  • 6 mm pit with a 10-12 seconds rebound
  • 2 mm pit with immediate rebound
  • 4 mm pit with a few seconds to rebound (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-pitting edema?

  • Fluid moves freely within the tissue (correct)
  • Immediate rebound after pressure is applied
  • Indicates acute edema condition
  • A visible pit remains for several seconds

Which measurement method is used to assess limb volume via water displacement?

  • Pitting scale
  • Girth measurement
  • Compression gauge
  • Volumeter (correct)

What is the recommended amount of compression for upper extremities in sequential compression pumps?

<p>30-60 mm Hg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method increases compression as the patient ambulates?

<p>Unna Boot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using ice in the RICE method for edema management?

<p>To decrease immediate post-trauma edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for compression therapy?

<p>Obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique aids in the management of lymphedema through limb shaping?

<p>Shrinkers for residual limbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the edema scale with its corresponding depth and rebound time:

<p>1+ = 2 mm; barely detectable; immediate rebound 2+ = 4 mm; deep pit; few seconds to rebound 3+ = 6 mm; deeper pit; 10-12 seconds to rebound 4+ = 8 mm; very deep pit; &gt; 20 sec to rebound</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the edema treatment with its description:

<p>Cryotherapy = Decreases immediate post-trauma edema and pain Elevation = Aids in reducing swelling by raising the limb Compression garments = Custom-fit to ensure uniform pressure Active exercise = Includes electrical stimulation for edema management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of edema with its characteristic:

<p>Pitting edema = Depression forms and remains several seconds Non-pitting edema = No pitting observed because fluid moves freely Chronic edema = Characterized by pitting Acute edema = Typically shows non-pitting characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the compression method with its pressure range:

<p>TED hose = 16-18 mm Hg; anti-embolic Unna Boot = 18-24 mm Hg; semi-rigid for ambulatory patients Ace wrap = About 19 mm Hg; used for venous compression Jobst garments = &gt;30 mm Hg; for edema management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the measurement technique with its definition:

<p>Girth measurement = Circumferential measurements pre and post treatment Volumeter = Uses water displacement to measure limb volume Pitting measurement = Press finger into tissue to assess edema Compression assessment = Evaluates uniformity and effectiveness of garments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the contraindication with its condition:

<p>CHF = Congestive heart failure; prevents compression therapy Renal failure = Impacts fluid management and edema ABI &lt; 0.5 = Contraindicated for certain compression techniques Wounds = May require different compression management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatment method with its indication:

<p>Sequential Compression Pumps = Used for chronic venous insufficiency Active exercise = Involves patient education and E.Stim Cryotherapy = Decreases pain and spasm from edema Unna Boot = Indicated for lymphedema management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatment component of RICE with its purpose:

<p>Rest = Prevents further injury Ice = Reduces swelling and pain Compression = Reduces edema at the injury site Elevation = Promotes venous return and decreases swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pitting edema is identified by a depression that remains for several seconds after pressure is applied.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 3+ pitting edema indicates a pit depth of 8 mm.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Volumeter measurements are primarily used to assess limb volume through water displacement.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compression therapy is contraindicated if the ankle-brachial index (ABI) is greater than 0.5.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

RICE stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation as a method to manage edema.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unna Boots are flexible bandages used for managing arterial wounds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The recommended pressure for compression garments used in scar management typically ranges from 20-30 mm Hg.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Active exercise can be performed with electrical stimulation in edema management.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Edema 1+

Barely detectable edema; immediate rebound; 1-2mm pit.

Edema 2+

Deep pit, few seconds to rebound; 4mm pit.

Edema 3+

Deeper pit, 10-12 seconds to rebound; 6mm pit.

Edema 4+

Very deep pit, >20 seconds to rebound; extremity is larger; 8mm pit.

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Pitting Edema

Depression remains after releasing pressure; chronic edema.

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Non-Pitting Edema

No indentation remains; fluid can move.

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Girth Measurement

Measuring the circumference of a limb.

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Volumeter Measurement

Measuring limb volume using water displacement; accurate for hands/feet.

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Edema Measurement Scale

A standardized scale to assess edema severity based on pit depth and rebound time. Ranges from 1+ (barely detectable) to 4+ (very deep pit and long rebound time).

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Pitting vs. Non-Pitting Edema

Pitting edema forms a temporary indentation when pressure is applied, indicating fluid buildup in the tissues. Non-pitting edema doesn't indent, suggesting a different cause like inflammation or a denser fluid.

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Girth Measurement for Edema

Measuring the circumference of a limb to track edema changes over time, typically used before and after treatment to assess its effectiveness.

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Volumeter for Edema

A device used to measure limb volume by water displacement, particularly useful for hands and feet. Provides a more accurate measure of edema than girth measurements.

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Cryotherapy for Edema

Using cold therapy (ice packs, cold water) to reduce inflammation and edema. Helps to constrict blood vessels and reduce swelling.

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Compression Therapy for Edema

Applying external pressure to the affected area to improve circulation and reduce fluid buildup. Commonly used for both venous and lymphatic edema, but the type of compression varies.

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RICE for Edema

A common acronym used to treat acute injuries that often cause edema. Stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.

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Compression Pump for Edema

A device that inflates and deflates a sleeve around the limb to improve circulation and reduce swelling. Can be used for a variety of edema types and is particularly helpful for post-surgery or chronic swelling.

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Types of Compression Therapy

Different types of compression bandages and garments are used for edema management, each with specific pressure levels. Examples include TED hose, Ace wraps, Unna boots, compression garments, and sequential compression pumps.

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Compression Pump Settings

Sequential compression pumps have adjustable settings for inflation pressure, on/off time, and treatment duration. They are often used for edema after surgery or with chronic swelling.

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Study Notes

Edema Description and Measurement

  • Edema Scales (1+ to 4+): Evaluates the depth of indentation (pitting) caused by pressure on the tissue
    • 1+: Barely detectable pit, immediate rebound
    • 2+: 2-4 mm pit, few seconds to rebound
    • 3+: 4-6 mm pit, 10-12 seconds to rebound
    • 4+: 8 mm+ deep pit, >20 seconds to rebound, Extremity significantly larger (1.5-2x normal size)
  • Pitting vs. Non-pitting:
    • Pitting: Depression remains after pressure is removed; characteristic of chronic edema
    • Non-pitting: No depression persists; often a result of fluid that can move freely

Measurement Techniques

  • Girth Measurement: Circumferential measurements taken before and after treatment to track progress.
  • Volumeter: Measures limb volume using water displacement, particularly useful for hands and feet.

Treatments for Edema Management

  • Cryotherapy: Reduces immediate post-trauma edema and pain.
  • Elevation: Helps to reduce fluid accumulation.
  • Compression: Crucial in edema management. Should be avoided if ankle brachial index (ABI) is below .5.
    • Types of Compression:
      • Garments: Custom-fitted to provide consistent pressure; for example TED hose (16-18 mmHg), ACE wrap (about 19 mmHg), Unna boots (18-24 mmHg), Compression garments (20-30 mmHg), Jobst or Game Ready ( >30 mmHg)
      • Unna Boot: Semi-rigid cast for chronic venous insufficiency and lymphedema; compression increases with ambulation.
      • Wraps: ACE wraps for venous edema and soft stretch wraps for lymphedema
      • Stump Shrinkers: For residual limbs
      • Sequential Compression Pumps (SCPs): Game Ready, Jobst;
        • Parameters: Customized settings for inflation pressure, on/off cycles, and treatment duration (30-60+ minutes)
        • Safety Considerations: Pressure should be below diastolic blood pressure to avoid arterial occlusion.
        • Recommended Pressure: Upper extremities (UE) 30-60 mmHg, Lower extremities (LE) 40-80 mmHg.
  • Massage (Venous or Lymphatic): Helpful depending on the cause of edema
  • Active Exercises: Can be used with or without electrical stimulation (E-Stim).
  • Patient Education: Crucial part of edema management.
  • RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation): A popular initial approach to managing acute edema.

Contraindications for Compression

  • CHF (Congestive Heart Failure): Caution is necessary with compression therapies.
  • Renal Failure: Use caution with compression.

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Description

This quiz explores the evaluation of edema through various scales, measurement techniques, and management strategies. Learn about pitting versus non-pitting edema, girth measurements, and treatment options such as cryotherapy and elevation. Test your knowledge on accurately assessing and treating edema effectively.

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