Economics Foundations and Principles Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?

  • Microeconomics is concerned with global economic trends, while macroeconomics examines supply and demand.
  • Microeconomics focuses on individual units in the economy, while macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole. (correct)
  • Microeconomics studies government policies, while macroeconomics analyzes consumer behavior.
  • Microeconomics deals with inflation and unemployment, while macroeconomics focuses on business models.

Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Foundations of Economics?

  • Trade-offs
  • Incentives
  • Marginal Thinking
  • Market Demand (correct)

What principle states that as production shifts from making one good to another, the opportunity cost increases?

  • Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
  • Law of Supply
  • Law of Increasing Relative Cost (correct)
  • Law of Demand

What does a movement along the demand curve signify compared to a shift in demand?

<p>A movement along the curve indicates a change in quantity demanded due to price, while a shift represents a change in demand due to other factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic principle suggests that people face trade-offs when making decisions?

<p>Opportunity Cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept involves comparing the additional benefits and additional costs of a decision?

<p>Marginal Thinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a society moves from producing more capital goods to more consumption goods, according to the Law of Increasing Relative Cost, what can be expected?

<p>Increase in opportunity cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a demand curve shifts to the right, what does it indicate about market demand?

<p>Increase in quantity demanded at all price levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In economics, what do voluntary trade and specialization aim to achieve?

<p>Increased efficiency and mutual benefit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?

<p>Microeconomics focuses on individual units, while macroeconomics studies the broader economy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of opportunity cost in economics?

<p>The cost of something is what you give up to get it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for individuals and businesses to apply marginal thinking?

<p>To evaluate whether the benefit of one more unit of something exceeds the cost. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations best exemplifies an opportunity cost?

<p>Deciding to go to a movie instead of studying for an exam. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do positive and negative incentives influence individual behavior?

<p>Positive incentives motivate actions, while negative incentives deter certain behaviors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between scarcity and shortage?

<p>Scarcity refers to unlimited wants while shortage refers to the limited nature of resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In economics, why is it mentioned that 'more is generally preferred to less'?

<p>Because people typically prefer to have greater quantities of goods and services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of microeconomics according to the text?

<p>Examining decisions made by individuals, households, and businesses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When discussing macroeconomics, which of the following is examined according to the text?

<p>The broader economy including inflation, growth, and employment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is analyzing costs, benefits, and future consequences emphasized in daily life decisions according to the text?

<p>To help individuals make rational choices by evaluating potential outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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