Economic Imperialism (1750-1900)

<p>Brazil's collapsing rubber industry due to rising foreign production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Politically unstable states dependent on exporting products to industrial countries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The US established trade agreements and came to dominate the sugar and fruit trade. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An uprising, backed by American businessmen, against Queen Liliuokalani. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They had concerns about the consistency of democratic ideals and colonization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>China was forced to pay Britain for the costs of the war and ceded Hong Kong. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It gave Britain trading advantages over other nations, such as lower tariffs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow free competition among nations over the Chinese market. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to a focus on cash crops, causing declines in food production and vulnerability to famine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Britain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To warn European powers against further colonization in the Americas, protecting US economic interests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He felt Britain shouldn't participate in the opium trade since it was harmful. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He believed opium was vastly exaggerated and not really harmful. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Despite gaining political independence, many Latin American countries became economically dependent on industrial countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>French armies and colonial administrators continued to use slaves, despite Britain's ban. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system where industrial nations control global food and raw material production via foreign businesses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve the economic interests of the colonizing power by providing raw materials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sepoy Rebellion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To force farmers to produce cash crops or provide labor for the Dutch. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To address the trade imbalance caused by the Chinese not buying British goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroying British opium warehouses and ships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1,000 chests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>120 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An economic system where a nation’s businesses have power and influence over other nations, often through colonies.

The British East India Company, a powerful trading company, was granted a charter by the British government to control trade in India. This company gained a monopoly over the textile trade, exporting raw materials to Britain and finished fabrics to the world.

The Dutch East India Company, another powerful trading company, was involved in the lucrative spice trade in the Spice Islands (present-day Indonesia). They controlled the production and sale of spices, profiting greatly from this trade.

The Dutch East India Company's charter was revoked, and the Dutch government directly controlled the Dutch East Indies. The government implemented a system that forced farmers to produce cash crops like coffee and sugar for export, and even made them work on government projects, called corvee labor. This system benefited the Dutch economy, but it was exploitative for the local population.

After the Sepoy Rebellion in 1858, the British government took over direct control of India, known as the British Raj. The British continued policies of economic exploitation, exporting raw materials and importing manufactured goods, benefiting the British economy.

The British had to pay for goods purchased from China in silver. They struggled to find ways to balance trade, as the Chinese were not interested in buying British manufactured goods. This created an imbalance, making it difficult for the British to establish equal trade relations with China.

The British East India Company began producing opium in India, which was a highly addictive drug. They sold this opium to China for a profit. This illegal and unethical trade ultimately resulted in millions of Chinese citizens becoming addicted to opium, causing widespread social and economic problems in China.

The opium trade was a significant factor in the First Opium War. It led to conflict between China and Britain. The Chinese government tried to enforce its laws against opium smuggling, but the British refused to comply. This conflict eventually led to a war in which Britain defeated China.

A policy urging European nations to allow free competition over the Chinese market rather than giving exclusive trading rights.

When a country exerts economic dominance over another, often through unequal trade agreements.

Exclusive trading rights granted to a foreign power within a specific area of a country.

Regions where foreign powers enjoyed special privileges, exempting them from local laws.

The British easily defeated China in this war, which was triggered by the British objection to China's destruction of opium.

A treaty signed in 1842 that forced China to pay for the costs of the Opium War, open five ports to British trade, and cede Hong Kong.

A system where China restricted foreign trade to the port city of Canton.

The practice of cultivating a single crop for export, leaving a region vulnerable to economic disruption.

Growing these for export, often led to a decline in food production and increased susceptibility to famine.

The practice of forcibly taking land from indigenous populations and using it for cash crop plantations or other forms of agriculture.

The Monroe Doctrine declared that the US would oppose any European attempt to colonize or interfere in the affairs of nations in the Americas. It also stated that the US would view any such action as a threat to its own peace and safety.

US investments in Mexico and Cuba focused on supporting infrastructure, mining, ranching, and cash crops. Meanwhile, Britain heavily invested in Argentina, ultimately contributing to its becoming the richest in Latin America.

The development of the Argentinian Pampas involved large-scale farming and ranching, facilitated by the British-built port of Puerto Madero for exporting goods.

Chile transitioned from cash crops to copper mining to cater to the demand of industrialized countries. However, Brazil's rubber industry declined due to competition from cheaper production elsewhere.

The reliance on a single cash crop, such as rubber in Brazil, can make an economy fragile and vulnerable to fluctuations in global markets.

The US and European nations supported dictators in Central America and the Caribbean who served their economic interests. These “banana republics” were politically unstable states economically dependent on exporting products to industrial countries.

The US-based United Fruit Company greatly owned fruit plantations in Central America and the Caribbean, demonstrating the extent of economic imperialism.

The US increased its influence in Hawaii to gain better access to Asian markets, signing treaties that established trade rights and control over Pearl Harbor. US businesses dominated the sugar and fruit trade, eventually leading to the annexation of Hawaii.