Economic Geography and the Gravity Model

<p>Greater likelihood of epidemic diseases emerging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance and transportation costs are inversely proportional to trade volume. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural similarities between the countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Black Plague. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geographic factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reflects changes in the economy more accurately. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show the relative distribution of an industry in different regions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overestimation because of larger, densely populated areas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show the localized consistency of a phenomenon. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The share of a given industry in both local and national contexts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affects the comparisons across different countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often underestimate the significance of small industries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It identifies clusters of firms or employment distribution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total number of firms in the nation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a better understanding of labor market effects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The location of a few, specific sectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agglomeration analyzes a wider array of economic activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low concentration with one industry spread evenly across regions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Core-periphery dynamic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial district (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different EU languages still act as barriers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industries are scattered across several regions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A larger ensemble of economic activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homogeneous plain with equal soil fertility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larger settlements tend to have fewer similar settlements nearby (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hamlet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High order services are specialized services, while low order services are basic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Range of sale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Range increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They maximize the efficiency of service provision (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equally distributed across the region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher inequality in industrial distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the distribution of an industry's shares in total manufacturing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates if an industry is localized to a few regions or widespread. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first term is greater than the second term and both are positive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Location Quotient employs ratios whereas Krugman-Gini uses differences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regionally specialized in industry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SNH = SHi – 1/N / N-1/N (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are responsible for a large portion of total production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difference in distribution will be zero. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International trade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The region's economy is more specialized in that industry compared to the national level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The low denominator could inflate the location quotient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of areas where the studied phenomenon is present. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By summing the squares of the share of industry in a given region. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which an industry is concentrated in certain regions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The industry is monopolized in one area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ratio of the region's specialization compared to the national specialization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not account for creative roles in non-creative industries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The region's economy is less specialized in that industry compared to the national level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The industry is likely to be more spatially concentrated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept that some outlet factors directly promote growth, while prospect factors influence growth indirectly.

A dynamic system where two elements influence each other in opposite directions: one element's increase leads to the other's decrease, and vice versa, resulting in a state of balance.

The idea that increased population density can lead to negative feedback by making outbreaks of diseases more likely, ultimately limiting growth.

An economic model that uses the concept of gravity to represent the influence of distance and economic size on trade between countries.

In the gravity model, distance between countries represents transportation costs, a key factor in trade volume.

The amount of trade between two countries is influenced by their respective GDPs and the distance between them.

The gravity model highlights how geography and space are important elements to consider in economic analysis.

The gravity model emphasizes that transportation costs are a significant factor in international trade.

A measure of the relative specialization of a region in a particular industry compared to the national average. It's calculated by dividing the share of the industry's employment in the region by the industry's share of national employment.

A group of industries that are interconnected and mutually supportive, often located in close proximity to each other.

The proportion of a region's employment in a particular industry compared to the region's total employment.

People working in creative occupations within creative industries, including those working in other sectors but contributing to creative activities.

The sum of the squares of the shares of an industry in each region, measuring how concentrated an industry is in specific locations.

Regions defined based on administrative boundaries, like states or provinces, regardless of economic factors.

Regions defined based on economic connections and interactions, reflecting actual business and trade relationships.

The number of firms, employees, or sales in a specific industry within a region, providing an absolute measure of the industry's presence.

The percentage of a specific industry's total activity in a region compared to the national total, highlighting the local share of that industry.

A measure of the absolute presence of an industry in a region, considering the size of the regional population.

A measure of absolute presence, comparing the industry's activity in a region to the region's total employment, accounting for the region's industrial size.

A measure of absolute presence, comparing the industry's activity in a region to the national total of that industry, gauging the regional concentration of the industry.

A problem that arises when comparing industries across regions with different population sizes, leading to overestimation of clusters in larger areas.

Measures that adjust for population size or other factors, ensuring a fair comparison of industrial activity across regions with varying sizes.

A settlement that offers goods and services to the surrounding population, categorized by the level of services offered.

Settlements that provide only basic services, like grocery stores or newsagents.

Settlements that offer specialized services, like consultancy firms or universities, often found in larger cities.

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to acquire a specific good or service.

The theoretical model assumes a perfectly flat and homogeneous landscape, with equal soil fertility and transportation networks.

The theory predicts that the larger the settlement, the fewer similar settlements there will be, and the farther apart they are.

As the population of a settlement increases, the range of goods and services offered also increases.

The central place theory uses hexagonal regions to represent the areas served by different settlements, each with a unique range of influence.

The larger the difference between the cumulative share of a specific industry and the overall manufacturing share in a region, the greater the industry's spatial concentration in that area. A perfectly equal distribution would result in a zero difference, indicating no specific concentration.

A measure of how unevenly a specific industry is distributed across regions. It is calculated by taking half the absolute difference between the shares of the industry and total manufacturing in each region, and summing across all regions. A higher Gini coefficient indicates greater inequality and spatial concentration.

The proportion of a region's share in the total production, exports, or trade of an individual industry. A high concentration means a significant share of that industry's activity occurs in a few specific regions.

A measure of a region's specialization in a particular industry, calculated by dividing the share of the industry's employment in the region by the industry's share of national employment. An LQ above 1 indicates a region is specialized in that industry.

The concept that regional specialization and geographic industrial concentration are interconnected. One influences the other, as a region's specialization in an industry often leads to higher concentration of that industry in the region.

The distribution of a specific industry across different regions, influenced by factors like resources, infrastructure, labor costs, and market proximity. It reflects how the industry is spatially organized.

A measure of how evenly distributed an industry is across different regions. A higher index indicates greater inequality, meaning the industry is concentrated in a few regions.

A concept that studies the spatial distribution of a specific industry sector, analyzing how specific industries concentrate across different geographical areas.

Analyzing the spread of a broader group of industries, like the entire manufacturing sector, across locations.

A high concentration of industries in specific areas, creating a core, while other regions, the periphery, are left with limited industry development.

An economic system where regions are self-sufficient, producing all goods they consume, with low industry concentration.

A strong presence of specialized industries clustered in a specific region.

Regions with high specialization in a particular industry, but low concentration, often due to natural resource distribution.

The movement of workers between countries in the EU is much more limited than in the US.

High homeownership in Italy has contributed to the immobility of labor as people are less likely to relocate due to owning their house.