Podcast
Questions and Answers
What factor has historically had a larger influence on trade compared to modern transportation and communication?
What factor has historically had a larger influence on trade compared to modern transportation and communication?
- Economic sanctions
- Cultural exchanges
- Technological innovations
- Political factors (correct)
What does the gravity model predict about trade volume?
What does the gravity model predict about trade volume?
- It decreases with increasing cultural similarities.
- It is affected by the number of bordering countries.
- It relies solely on transportation costs.
- It is related to the economic size of each trading partner and trade impediments. (correct)
What has recently become the largest share of world trade?
What has recently become the largest share of world trade?
- Raw materials
- Intermediate goods (correct)
- Mineral resources
- Agricultural products
Which of the following is considered a trade impediment?
Which of the following is considered a trade impediment?
What trend is anticipated for trade in services in the future?
What trend is anticipated for trade in services in the future?
What does the variable $D_{ij}$ in the Gravity model represent?
What does the variable $D_{ij}$ in the Gravity model represent?
Which statement best describes the impact of larger economies on international trade?
Which statement best describes the impact of larger economies on international trade?
What role does cultural affinity play in trade according to the Gravity model?
What role does cultural affinity play in trade according to the Gravity model?
What has been a significant change in the composition of international trade in recent years?
What has been a significant change in the composition of international trade in recent years?
How have recent developments in globalization affected distance's role in trade?
How have recent developments in globalization affected distance's role in trade?
What is one characteristic of service outsourcing?
What is one characteristic of service outsourcing?
Which factor does NOT typically influence international transportation according to the Gravity model?
Which factor does NOT typically influence international transportation according to the Gravity model?
Which proportion of world trade is attributed to services as noted in recent trends?
Which proportion of world trade is attributed to services as noted in recent trends?
Flashcards
Gravity Model of Trade
Gravity Model of Trade
The volume of trade is directly related to the economic size of each trading partner and the trade impediments between them.
Trade Impediments
Trade Impediments
These make trade more difficult and can include distance, transport costs, cultural differences, geography, borders, and the presence or absence of free trade agreements.
Trade in Intermediate Goods
Trade in Intermediate Goods
The increased use of goods produced in different countries for manufacturing, resulting in complex global supply chains and increased international dependency.
Outsourcing
Outsourcing
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Trade in Services
Trade in Services
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Gravity Model
Gravity Model
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GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
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Globalization
Globalization
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International Trade
International Trade
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Study Notes
The Gravity Model of International Trade
- Predicts trade volume between countries based on their economic sizes and trade barriers.
- Formula: Tij = (Yi)a x (Yj)b / (Dij)c
- Tij = Trade volume between country i and j
- Yi = GDP of country i
- Yj = GDP of country j
- Dij = Trade impediments between country i and j
- a, b, c = Coefficients representing the importance of size and trade barriers
Factors Influencing Trade
- Size Matters: Larger economies produce and consume more, leading to greater trade volumes.
- Trade Impediments:
- Distance: Increases transportation costs, impacting import & export.
- Cultural Affinity: Stronger cultural ties often correlate with stronger economic ties.
- Geography: Access to water, navigable rivers, and absence of barriers affect trade costs.
- Borders: Formal processes and tariffs raise trade costs.
- Trade Agreements: Reduce trade barriers and increase trade.
Globalization and Trade
- Reduced Distance Effect: Technological advancements have lowered distance-related costs, but distance still significantly influences trade.
- Political Factors: Wars, trade negotiations, and policy changes greatly impact trade.
- Changing Composition of Trade: Shift from predominantly agricultural/mineral products to manufactured goods and services.
- Manufacturing goods now dominate, and service trade is increasing.
Recent Trade Developments
- Intermediate Goods Trade: More complex supply chains and increased international dependency.
- Service Outsourcing: Growing trade in services, driven by modern communication technology.
- International Production Networks: Countries specialize, increasing efficiency, and vulnerability.
Summary of International Trade
- Global trade is growing; developed economies still dominate trade, but developing nations are participating更多.
- The gravity model highlights the relationship between economic size and trade barriers and trade volume.
- Technological advancements have lowered distance barriers but not removed them.
- Political factors play a major role.
- Manufactured goods now dominate, but services are growing.
- Complex supply chains and international dependency are central to recent trade.
- Future service trade is likely to increase.
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Description
Explore the Gravity Model of International Trade, which predicts trade volumes based on the economic sizes of countries and trade barriers. Understand the factors influencing trade, including distance, cultural affinity, and geographical advantages. This quiz will help you grasp the key concepts and formula behind this economic model.
