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Ecology: The Nature of Ecology
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Ecology: The Nature of Ecology

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Questions and Answers

What term refers to all members of the same species inhabiting a particular area?

  • Ecosystem
  • Habitat
  • Community
  • Population (correct)
  • Which term describes the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter?

  • Succession
  • Energy Flow
  • Biome
  • Nutrient Cycle (correct)
  • Where does energy flow typically start in an ecosystem?

  • Decomposers
  • Carnivores
  • Primary Consumers
  • Sun (correct)
  • What is characteristic of the energy at different levels of a food web?

    <p>It decreases as you move up the food web.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to all the populations found in a particular area?

    <p>Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an ecosystem, what is regulated by the food web pathways presented?

    <p>Nutrient Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the non-living components of an ecosystem?

    <p>Abiotic Components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do pioneer organisms do in an ecosystem?

    <p>Create conditions for more advanced organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the place where an organism lives and reproduces?

    <p>Habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a major type of community or ecosystem that occupies vast areas?

    <p>Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of ecosystems, what does the term 'succession' refer to?

    <p>Progressive change in plant and animal life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the functional role and position of an organism in an ecosystem?

    <p>Niche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'ecology' literally mean?

    <p>The study of the household of nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'ecology'?

    <p>Ernst Haeckel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three systems of interrelation between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem?

    <p>Interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Action' refer to in the context of ecosystem interrelations?

    <p>The physical environment acting on the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that may act as a limiting factor in an environment?

    <p>Predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Coaction' refer to in the context of ecosystem interrelations?

    <p>The effects of one organism on another organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor in ecology?

    <p>Presence of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'habitat' refer to in ecology?

    <p>The surroundings where an organism lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a biotic factor in ecology?

    <p>Rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the study of ecology?

    <p>The interactions between living organisms and their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem process?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main levels of study in ecology?

    <p>Organism, population, community, ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of autotrophs?

    <p>Capable of producing their own food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of consumers feeds directly on green plants?

    <p>Herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms break down detritus into inorganic matter to be reused by producers?

    <p>Decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carnivores consume other animals but do not kill them?

    <p>Scavengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of heterotrophs that include plants, fungi, and bacteria living on dead matter?

    <p>Saprophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms relies on other organisms for their food?

    <p>Heterotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ecosystem Components

    • Abiotic Components: non-living components of the ecosystem, including soil, water, light, inorganic nutrients, and weather conditions
    • Biotic Components: living components, including habitat and niche

    Definitions

    • Biosphere: regions of the earth where organisms exist (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere)
    • Succession: progressive change in plant and animal life of an area
    • Habitat: place where an organism lives and can survive and reproduce
    • Biome: a major type of community or ecosystem that occupies vast areas
    • Niche: functional role and position of an organism in the ecosystem

    Ecosystem Interactions

    • Action: the physical environment acts on the community in many ways
    • Reaction: the effects of organisms upon their physical environment
    • Coaction: the effects one organism has on another

    Origin and Word Derivation

    • The term "ecology" was coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1866, derived from the Greek "oikos" meaning "house" and "logos" meaning "science" or "study"

    Key Terms

    • Population: all members of the same species inhabiting a particular area
    • Community: all the populations found in a particular area
    • Ecosystem: community and its physical environment, characterized by a flow of energy and a cycle of inorganic nutrients
    • Succession: progressive change in plant and animal life of an area

    Energy Flow

    • Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, typically from the Sun, through photosynthetic organisms, to herbivores, to carnivores, and finally decomposers
    • There is a decrease in overall energy at each level as you move up the food web

    Ecology

    • Ecology deals with the study of interrelationships between living organisms and the non-living components in the environment
    • Ecosystem processes are those that sustain and regulate the environment

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    Description

    Explore key points in ecology, including ecosystems, levels of study, and ecosystem processes. Learn about ecological areas of study such as interactions and adaptations of organisms and abiotic processes that drive ecosystem function.

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