Ecology: Tertiary Consumers and Grasslands

Tertiary Consumers

• Tertiary consumers are at the top of the food chain
• Examples include tigers, lions, and predatory birds

Decomposers

• Decomposers break down organic matter and release minerals back into the soil
• Common examples include bacteria and fungi
• Types of fungi include: Penicillium, Mucor, Aspergillus, and Rhizophus

Tropical Grasslands (Savannas)

• Located near the equator
• Found in Africa, Australia, South America, and India
• Experience wet summers and dry winters
• Rainfall varies from 50 cm to 127 cm annually
• Rainy season lasts 6-8 months, followed by a dry season where fires can occur
• Common trees include Acacia and Baobab
• Animals include lions, zebras, elephants, giraffes, and ungulates

Temperate Grasslands

• Found north of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Tropic of Capricorn
• The Veldts of Africa are a major example

Threats to Grasslands

• Drought is a major threat, causing loss of foliage and damaging plant life
• Human activities like farmland expansion and hunting negatively impact grasslands
• Grassland degradation occurs through exploitation
• Conservation threats require immediate action to protect grasslands

This quiz covers key concepts about tertiary consumers, decomposers, and various types of grasslands, including tropical and temperate grasslands. Learn about the organisms that inhabit these ecosystems and the environmental threats they face. Test your knowledge on these vital ecological components.