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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of evolutionary biology?
What is the main focus of evolutionary biology?
Change in the characteristics of a species over several generations
What does Microevolution focus on?
What does Microevolution focus on?
Evolution on the smallest scale or species level
Give an example of Microevolution.
Give an example of Microevolution.
Pesticide resistance or antibiotic resistance
What is the main concern of Macroevolution?
What is the main concern of Macroevolution?
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What is Paleontology concerned with?
What is Paleontology concerned with?
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What does Micropaleontology study?
What does Micropaleontology study?
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Give an example of Paleobotany.
Give an example of Paleobotany.
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What does Palynology deal with?
What does Palynology deal with?
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What does Invertebrate Paleontology focus on?
What does Invertebrate Paleontology focus on?
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Give an example of an ancient animal studied in Invertebrate Paleontology.
Give an example of an ancient animal studied in Invertebrate Paleontology.
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Study Notes
Organismal Biology
- Study of structure, function, ecology, and evolution at the level of organisms
- Concerned with all aspects of life of organisms (living things)
Morphology
- Deals with form or shape of organisms revealed as a whole
- Subdivisions:
- Gross Anatomy (Whole Body Structural Biology/Macroscopic Anatomy)
- Deals with internal structures of organisms revealed through dissection
- Histology (Microscopic Anatomy/Tissue Biology)
- Deals with study of aggregates of cells or tissues that comprise organs of the body
- Cytology (Cell Biology/Cellular Science)
- Deals with structure, function, and evolution of cells, the structural and functional units of life
- Gross Anatomy (Whole Body Structural Biology/Macroscopic Anatomy)
Supramolecular Biology (Subcellular Biology)
- Subdivisions:
- Biochemistry (Chemical Biology)
- Deals with structural configurations and physico-chemical properties of biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates)
- Molecular Biology
- Deals with structural and functional properties of biomolecules (nucleic acids and proteins) that comprise genes and body structures
- Genetics
- Deals with transmission of traits/characteristics from parents to offspring
- Concerned with mechanisms of heredity and variation at molecular and cellular levels
- Biochemistry (Chemical Biology)
Physiology (Functional Biology)
- Deals with functions or activities of parts of organisms at molecular, cellular, and gross-anatomical levels
- Subdivisions:
- Microbial Physiology
- Deals with genetic and genetic mutations of microorganisms (viruses and bacteria)
- Plant Physiology
- Deals with functions or activities of plant body parts
- Animal Physiology
- Deals with functions or activities of animal body parts
- Microbial Physiology
Developmental Biology
- Deals with embryonic and post-embryonic development of organisms
- Subdivisions:
- Embryology
- Deals with development of organisms from fertilized egg to formation of form and organs
- Fetology
- Deals with post-development of embryo to form fetus (prenate)
- Teratology
- Deals with abnormal or defective (pathological) development
- Embryology
Natural History
- Observational method of study of organisms in their natural environment
- Oldest branch of biology that predates human technology, product, and design
- Deals with ways of life and life histories of organisms
Ecology (Environmental Biology)
- Deals with interrelationships of organisms to their physical environment
- Subdivisions:
- Terrestrial Ecology
- Deals with interrelationships of organisms to land or soil environment
- Freshwater Ecology (Limnology)
- Deals with interrelationships of organisms to freshwater environment
- Estuarine Ecology
- Deals with interrelationship of organisms to brackish-water environment
- Marine Ecology
- Deals with interrelationships of organisms to marine or saltwater environment
- Terrestrial Ecology
Biogeography (Distributional Biology)
- Deals with past and present distribution of biological diversity and their underlying environmental and historical causes
- Concerned with distribution of life at geographic or continental scale
- Subdivisions:
- Phytogeography (Plant Biogeography)
- Deals with distribution of plants on different land continents
- Zoogeography (Animal Biogeography)
- Deals with distribution of animals on different land continents and oceanic depths
- Phytogeography (Plant Biogeography)
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Description
Explore the interrelationships of organisms with various environments, including land, freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. Learn about the unique characteristics and interactions of organisms in different ecological settings.
