Ecology Key Terms and Population Study

Higher temperatures increase kinetic energy, leading to faster particle movement and therefore faster diffusion rates.

Water moves out of the potato cylinder through osmosis, causing its mass to decrease.

A steeper concentration gradient results in faster diffusion, allowing substances like oxygen to enter cells more quickly.

<p>Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, providing energy and growth for the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis until it reaches a saturation point where it plateaus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiments like placing potassium permanganate in water or agar cubes in acid visually show how substances spread over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport requires energy input to move substances against a concentration gradient, while diffusion occurs naturally and does not require energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kidneys use ultrafiltration and reabsorption to regulate water and salt balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flowering plants excrete waste products through the stomata by releasing carbon dioxide and absorbing oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweat helps excrete excess salts, urea, and water while regulating body temperature through evaporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lungs excrete carbon dioxide and water vapor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, which is essential for survival amid external changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three key components are stimulus, response, and communication systems (nervous or hormonal).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oestrogen and testosterone regulate the development of secondary sexual characteristics in humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidneys filter blood to remove urea, which is then excreted in urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In addition to cooling, sweat plays a minor role in the excretion of metabolic wastes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The placenta provides nutrients to the developing embryo and removes waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A genome is the entire set of DNA in an organism that contains all the genetic information needed for its growth and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominant alleles express their traits with just one copy, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleus controls the cell's activities and contains DNA in the form of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell, composed of DNA and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, producing energy in the form of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alleles are different versions of a gene that determine variations in inherited characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell wall provides support and rigidity to plant cells, while the cell membrane controls the entry and exit of substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual is homozygous when they have two identical alleles for a gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenotype refers to the physical expression of a trait, while genotype describes the genetic makeup of an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, converting light energy into glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste, and maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, producing proteins necessary for cell functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions and provides a medium for organelles to remain suspended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelles make up cells, which make up tissues, tissues form organs, and organs work together in systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quadrats are used to estimate population size by sampling a specific area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abiotic factors include temperature and light; biotic factors include competition and predation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producers, like plants and algae, produce their own food through photosynthesis and form the base of the food chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary consumers are herbivores that eat producers, while secondary consumers are carnivores that feed on primary consumers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A food chain shows a simple linear sequence of who eats whom, while a food web illustrates interconnected feeding relationships among multiple organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pyramid of numbers shows the number of organisms at each trophic level, but it does not account for the size of the organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pyramid of biomass represents the total mass of living material at each trophic level, unlike a pyramid of numbers which counts individual organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of a tertiary consumer is a hawk that preys on a fox.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide (CO₂)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By measuring the amount of CO₂ produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactobacillus ferments lactose into lactic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aseptic conditions and controlled environment (temperature and pH).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce offspring with enhanced traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugar concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It evaporates during baking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bacteria ferment lactose into lactic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers