Ecology and Human Interaction Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a closed system in experiments?

  • It transfers both energy and matter.
  • It does not allow for statistical testing.
  • It operates without any boundaries.
  • It transfers energy but no matter. (correct)

Climate change refers to a temporary alteration in the atmosphere.

False (B)

What type of tests do scientists use to determine the probability in experiments?

statistical tests

An ______ system can transfer both energy and matter.

<p>open</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Climate Change = A systematic change in the long-term state of the atmosphere Closed System = Transfers energy across its boundary but no matter Open System = Transfers both energy and matter Statistical Tests = Used to determine probability in experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two factors combined determine impact in relation to climate change?

<p>Exposure and Sensitivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vulnerability is maximized by the sum of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of adaptation options in natural systems?

<p>They involve adjustment to actual climate and its effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does adaptive capacity refer to in the context of climate change?

<p>The ability of a system to adjust to climate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The equation for vulnerability is _ + _ + _ = Vulnerability.

<p>Exposure, Sensitivity, Adaptive Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human intervention cannot facilitate adjustments to expected climate impacts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be a consequence of human intervention in natural systems regarding climate impacts?

<p>intended or unintended effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the focus of the changes in ecosystems as mentioned?

<p>Biological survival of populations is emphasized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecosystems are solely influenced by cultural systems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation options in natural systems must consider their specific __________.

<p>cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the author who wrote 'Pigs for the Ancestors'?

<p>Roy Rappaport</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of climate options with their descriptions:

<p>Mitigation = Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Adaptation = Adjustments to actual or expected climate impacts Costs = Specific financial implications of climate strategies Effects = Intended or unintended outcomes of interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of carbon emissions that can be allowed into Earth’s atmosphere?

<p>240 billion tons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The emphasis on biological survival relates more to populations than to the persistence of ______.

<p>sociocultural systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resilience only relates to environmental factors related to disasters.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their appropriate descriptions:

<p>Ecosystem = A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment Cultural persistence = The continuation of cultural traditions and practices over time Biological survival = The capability of a population to endure and reproduce Roy Rappaport = Anthropologist known for studying the relationship between social systems and ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does resilience pertain to in relation to disasters?

<p>Cultural, psychological, and economic variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

Global emissions cannot exceed __________ billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere.

<p>240</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to emissions and resilience:

<p>Carbon Emission Limit = 240 billion tons Resilience = Cultural and psychological factors Disasters = Unexpected events causing damage Economic Variables = Financial impacts on recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'adaptation' refer to in the context of disaster risk?

<p>Both B and C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary goal of disaster risk management is to prevent all hazardous events from occurring.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by disaster risk reduction?

<p>The systematic approach to analyzing and minimizing the impacts of hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The political dimensions of disaster risk management include the ability to __________ from the effects of hazards.

<p>recover</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of disaster management with their descriptions:

<p>Adaptation = Capacity to adjust to potential hazards Risk Reduction = Process to eliminate or lessen the impact of hazards Recovery = Returning to normal after a disaster Preparedness = Readiness to respond to an impending disaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ecosystem Response

How an ecosystem changes in reaction to outside factors.

Ecosystem vs. Social System

Ecosystems focus on biological survival, while social systems focus on culture.

Biological Survival

The survival of a living species or population.

Sociocultural Systems

The ways of life and cultures that humans develop.

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Pigs for the Ancestors

A book by Roy Rappaport discussing ecosystems and cultures.

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Closed System

A system where energy can be transferred across its boundary, but no matter can be transferred.

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Open System

A system where both energy and matter can be transferred across its boundary.

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Climate Change

A systematic long-term change in the atmosphere's state over decades or longer.

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Controlled Experiment

A scientific procedure where one factor is changed, while others are kept constant, to study the effect of the changed factor.

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Statistical Tests

Procedures used to determine the likelihood that observed results are not due to chance, but rather to a specific cause.

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Adaptation

Adjusting to actual climate change and its effects, often with human help.

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Mitigation

Actions taken to reduce climate change's severity, like reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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Climate Change Impacts

The specific effects of climate change on a particular system, like rising sea levels or more frequent droughts

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Human Intervention

Actions by people to help natural systems adapt or mitigate climate change.

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Unintended Impacts

Unexpected or negative consequences of actions designed to address climate change.

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Climate Change Sensitivity

How much a system (like a crop or a community) is affected by changes in climate, including temperature, rainfall, and extreme weather events.

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Adaptive Capacity

The ability of a system to adjust to climate change, including its ability to reduce harm, take advantage of opportunities, and cope with consequences.

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Vulnerability

The degree to which a system is susceptible to climate change impacts, considering its exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.

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Disaster

A severe disruption in the normal functioning of a community or society caused by a hazardous event interacting with vulnerable social conditions, leading to widespread negative effects requiring immediate emergency response.

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Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRM)

The ability of a system to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient manner.

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Paradigms in DRM

Different approaches or frameworks used in Disaster Risk Reduction.

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Political Dimensions in DRM

The role of political factors, policies, and decisions in shaping disaster risk reduction efforts.

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System Adaptation

The ability of a system to change or adjust its structure or function in response to a hazardous event.

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Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

The systematic process of minimizing the adverse impacts of hazardous events on human societies.

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Global Carbon Limit

The maximum amount of carbon dioxide that can be emitted globally without causing irreversible climate change, currently estimated at 240 billion tons.

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Resilience (in Disasters)

The ability of a community or system to withstand and recover from disasters, particularly focusing on cultural, psychological, and economic factors.

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Adaptation (to Climate Change)

Adjusting to the impacts of climate change and their consequences, often with human intervention, like building seawalls or developing drought-resistant crops.

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Mitigation (of Climate Change)

Actions aimed at reducing the severity of climate change, primarily by lowering greenhouse gas emissions through renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, and sustainable practices.

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Study Notes

Ecology and Human Interaction

  • Ecology is the study of the economy, household, and organisms.
  • Ecosystem models the cycle of energy and matter, including organic and inorganic entities.
  • Organisms depend on energy and matter.
  • Ecosystems describe how human populations influence and are influenced by their surroundings.

Ecosystem Stability

  • Resilience measures a system's ability to change while maintaining its basic elements and relationships.
  • Stability measures how quickly a system returns to equilibrium after disturbances.
  • Systems with high resilience but low stability may experience continual change.
  • Systems with high stability but low resilience may show little change in response to disturbances but can collapse suddenly.

Types of Ecosystems

  • Natural Systems: Not noticeably altered by humans. Ecosystems such as mountains, lakes, and primeval forests are examples.
  • Semi-natural Systems: Ecosystems altered by human activities but retaining significant natural elements. Examples include areas with traditional agricultural forms.

Artificial Ecosystems

  • These are human-made systems with plants, animals, and people.
  • Examples include zoos with artificial ecosystems replicating natural habitats.

Human Systems

  • Families are the fundamental social unit with associated relationships.
  • Organizations, random groups, or carefully constructed groups address short or long-term needs.
  • Communities are the theory of relationships helping local populations meet daily requirements.

Ecosystem Models and Approaches

  • Ecosystem-based models focus on the relationship between human populations and ecosystems.
  • Social systems interact with the ecosystem and receive inputs from it.
  • The human ecosystem model involves critical resources (biotic and abiotic), social systems, and their interactions.

Climate Change

  • Climate change is a systematic change in the atmospheric conditions over multiple decades or more.
  • Natural variation in climate occurs over months to decades.
  • Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and black carbon, released during the Industrial Revolution caused and are causing climate change.

Climate Change Impacts

  • Surface and ocean temperatures are rising.
  • Glaciers and snowpack are losing mass.
  • Sea levels are rising.
  • Increased extreme weather events (storms, floods, droughts).
  • Ocean acidification due to increased carbon dioxide absorption.

Adaptation and Vulnerability

  • Adaptation is the ability of a system to adjust to climate change.
  • Vulnerability is the system's predisposition to being negatively affected by climate change.
  • Adaptive capacity is a system's ability to anticipate, recover, respond, and recover from threats.
  • Factors influencing adaptive capacity include access to information, resources, flexibility, and willingness to adapt.
  • Vulnerability assessments consider sensitivity and exposure in addition to adaptive capacity.

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Module 1 Concepts of Human Ecosystems and Ecological Interactions PDF

Description

Test your understanding of ecology and the complex interactions between human populations and their environments. Explore concepts such as ecosystem stability, resilience, and the types of ecosystems that exist in our world. This quiz will challenge your knowledge of how human actions influence ecological systems.

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