Ecology and Biology Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which organisms live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm?

  • Commensals
  • Thermophiles
  • Parasites (correct)
  • Mesophiles
  • What does the term obligate refer to in an ecological context?

  • The ability to exist in a wide range of conditions
  • Existing in a very narrow niche (correct)
  • Using chemicals for energy production
  • Using oxygen for metabolism
  • Which process describes the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration?

  • Osmosis
  • Diffusion (correct)
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
  • What is the process called when water diffuses through a semi-permeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the active transport of substances across a membrane?

    <p>Cell expenditure of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen to bacteria living in a freshwater stream when moved to salty seawater?

    <p>Shrivel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process requires the use of ATP by a cell?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a contractile vacuole in cellular biology?

    <p>Used to expel excess water from cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group do human pathogens generally belong to?

    <p>Mesophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microorganism thrives in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Facultative anaerobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism cannot survive in an oxygen environment?

    <p>Obligate anaerobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which media type is suitable for demonstrating the oxygen requirements of microbes?

    <p>Thioglycollate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes converts the toxic superoxide ion into harmless oxygen?

    <p>Superoxide dismutase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship do E. coli bacteria have with humans as they produce vitamin K?

    <p>Mutualistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microorganism requires a small amount of oxygen but cannot grow in normal atmospheric levels?

    <p>Microaerophile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of environment would a halophile grow best?

    <p>Salt lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure involved in nutrient absorption in bacterial cells?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors limits facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Carrier proteins in the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When cells engulf whole cells or large molecules, this process is specifically known as:

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport is utilized for polar molecules and ions across the plasma membrane?

    <p>Protein carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which conditions does the cell wall help prevent the cell from bursting?

    <p>Hypotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a bacterial species with optimal growth at refrigeration temperatures?

    <p>Psychrophile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microorganism thrives at temperatures between 45°C and 60°C?

    <p>Thermophile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organism with an optimum growth temperature of 37°C that survives short high temperature exposures is called:

    <p>Thermoduric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the period of growth between inoculation and the initiation of maximum bacterial growth?

    <p>Lag phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of bacterial growth is characterized by cells not being metabolically active?

    <p>Exponential growth phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the most rapid increase in bacterial population occur?

    <p>Exponential growth phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are antimicrobial agents most effective in combating bacterial infections?

    <p>Exponential growth phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stages of bacterial growth indicate that an infected patient is most likely to spread the infection to others?

    <p>Exponential growth phase and stationary growth phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal factor governing the time for visible colonies to develop in an agar culture?

    <p>Generation time of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a closed culture system, what phenomenon is typically measured to analyze population growth?

    <p>Population growth curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about binary fission is accurate?

    <p>It results in two genetically identical daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increase in turbidity generally indicate in a microbial culture?

    <p>Increased cell growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely outcome of using an intravenous osmotic diuretic during surgery?

    <p>Decreased pressure in the cranial cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect indicates therapeutic effectiveness of an osmotic diuretic in a patient post-surgery?

    <p>Withdrawal to painful stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes bacterial biofilms from planktonic bacteria in their interaction with the immune system?

    <p>Biofilms stimulate the immune system differently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation exists for direct cell counting using a cytometer?

    <p>It cannot differentiate between viable and non-viable cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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