Questions and Answers
What is the process called in which the language of nucleic acids is converted to the language of amino acids?
translation
The diversity of plant and animal life in the Amazon rainforest is the result of which option?
Which species is endangered by human activity but not yet extinct?
the African white rhinoceros
What is a general explanation of an aspect of the world, supported by a large body of experiments and observations, called?
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How many cells would be approximately contained in a 1 mm³ biopsy for melanoma diagnosis?
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What are the positions indicating a common ancestor in a phylogenetic tree called?
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Many plants can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
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Scientists cannot fully understand human diseases without a solid understanding of the biology of the organisms, their ecology, and their evolution.
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What is a tentative explanation based on observation referred to as?
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Which scientist tested the hypothesis that microorganisms can arise by spontaneous generation?
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At some point in their life cycle, all cells have a _____, whereas not all cells have a(n) _____.
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Viruses compose a fourth, distinct branch on the tree of life.
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Which type of scientist studies the interactions between flies, frogs, fish, and water lilies in a pond?
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What represents the rationale behind spending a disproportionate amount of scientific research studying humans?
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Theories typically rely on a single hypothesis tested several times.
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Because water is abundant on Earth, oxygen and hydrogen must make up a majority of the known matter of the universe.
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In which domain do the cells store their genetic information in a nucleus?
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All of the seeds in the oranges of a single orange tree are considered genetically identical.
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What is required in the environment for most plants to grow and reproduce?
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In the twenty-first century, humans have become major agents in ecology and evolution. The actions of humans include which of the following?
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What is a prediction that tells how one variable in an experiment will affect another called?
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What can entropy be thought of as in a system?
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All organisms from all classifications of life are composed of cells.
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The fact that modern-day humans are now taller compared to individuals who were shorter 400 years ago is likely a reflection of what?
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Study Notes
Biological Concepts and Definitions
- Translation: The process of converting the language of nucleic acids into the language of amino acids.
- Biodiversity in the Amazon: Result of interactions among various species, including plants, herbivores, and carnivores. All interactions contribute to diversity.
- Endangered Species: The African white rhinoceros is currently endangered due to human activities.
- Theory: A comprehensive explanation of an aspect of the world, supported by extensive experimental evidence.
- Cell Count in Biopsy: A cubic millimeter biopsy contains approximately 1,000 cells.
- Phylogenetic Tree: Common ancestors are represented as nodes in a phylogenetic tree.
- Plant Reproduction: Many plants can reproduce both sexually and asexually, showcasing reproductive versatility.
- Understanding Diseases: A solid understanding of organisms' biology, ecology, and evolution is essential for addressing human diseases.
- Hypothesis: A tentative explanation based on observations, used as a starting point for experimentation.
- Spontaneous Generation: Hypothesis tested by scientist Louis Pasteur regarding the origins of microorganisms.
- Cell Structures: All cells possess a plasma membrane, but not all have a nuclear membrane.
- Viruses: They do not constitute an independent fourth branch on the tree of life.
- Ecologist: A scientist who studies interactions within ecological systems, such as those between flies, frogs, fish, and water lilies in a pond.
Human Impacts and Scientific Study
- Scientific Research Focus on Humans: Driven by curiosity about origins, disease combat, understanding ecological roles, and the functioning of human bodies, leading to disproportionate research efforts.
- Theories and Hypotheses: Theories are based on multiple hypotheses and extensive testing rather than a single hypothesis.
- Abundance of Water: Despite its abundance, oxygen and hydrogen do not make up the majority of known universe matter.
- Eukarya Domain: Organisms in this domain store their genetic information within a nucleus.
- Genetic Identity in Orange Trees: Seeds from a single orange tree are not genetically identical due to genetic variation.
- Environmental Requirements for Plants: Successful growth and reproduction require water, inorganic nutrients, carbon dioxide, and light.
- Human Influence on Ecology and Evolution: Actions affect carbon dioxide levels, contribute to species extinction, and impact many life aspects.
Additional Key Concepts
- Hypothesis in Experiments: Serves as a prediction indicating how one variable will affect another during an experiment.
- Entropy: Represents the amount of disorder within a system.
- Cell Composition: All organisms, regardless of classification, are composed of cells.
- Human Height Variation: The increase in average height over 400 years reflects both environmental and genetic factors.
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Description
Explore the essentials of Biology through these flashcards designed for Chapter 1. Each card contains key terms and definitions to help solidify your understanding of crucial concepts like translation and biodiversity in ecosystems. Perfect for quick reviews and study sessions!
