ECMO Treatment Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)?

  • Assist in inflating the lungs during surgery
  • Control the levels of oxygen in the bloodstream
  • Aid in expanding blood vessels in the legs
  • Provide mechanical support to the heart during diastole (correct)

    • When is the Berlin Heart EXCOR VAD typically used?

  • To treat congenital lung malformations
  • In small children with heart failure (correct)
  • In adults with structural heart abnormalities
  • For patients who need assistance with lung function

    • What distinguishes the Berlin Heart EXCOR VAD from the HeartWare ventricular assist device?

  • Intended patient population, with HeartWare for small children
  • Size, with the Berlin Heart being larger (correct)
  • Function, with HeartWare being used for acute heart failure
  • Pump mechanism, with HeartWare using counter pulsation

    • In which phase of the cardiac cycle does the balloon pump inflate?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the indications for using an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)?

    <p>Structurally normal heart with acute myocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of patients are suitable candidates for the Berlin Heart EXCOR VAD?

    <p>Small children with heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy?

    <p>To decrease intrapulmonary shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in the management of some newborns with hypoxic respiratory failure?

    <p>Progressive respiratory and metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to optimal oxygenation by matching ventilation and perfusion?

    <p>Adequate ventilation with perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a commonly occurring disease associated with hypoxic respiratory failure in neonates?

    <p>Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the currently approved use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO)?

    <p>Neonates over 34 weeks with PPHN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when there is intrapulmonary shunting without V/Q matching?

    <p>Hypoxemia persists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the factors mentioned that can lead to high vascular tone in neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure?

    <p>Structural disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of hypoxemia and systemic hypotension in neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which image courtesy is mentioned in the text regarding hypoxic respiratory failure?

    <p>John P. Kinsella, MD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition reflects a relative deficiency of oxygen in arterial blood often associated with insufficient ventilation?

    <p>Hypoxic respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure, what does poor ventilation despite adequate perfusion lead to?

    <p>Hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential alternative to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy?

    <p>Surfactant administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of Nitric Oxide?

    <p>A few minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is the carrier gas in Nitric Oxide?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Nitric Oxide predominantly present in the atmosphere?

    <p>100 ppb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant metabolite of Nitric Oxide?

    <p>Nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main property of Nitric Oxide that leads to its selective activity in vasodilation?

    <p>Rapid onset of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Nitrate rapidly cleared by the kidneys?

    <p>Rapid clearance of inhaled Nitric Oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of INOMAX in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure?

    <p>Vasodilator for neonates with pulmonary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should INOMAX not be used in neonates with right-to-left shunting of blood?

    <p>It may worsen the shunting of blood to the systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does low lung volume ventilation contribute to?

    <p>Volutrauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of high lung volume ventilation?

    <p>Increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neonates are indicated for INOMAX treatment?

    <p>Term and late pre-term neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of INOMAX in treating neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure?

    <p>Improve oxygenation and reduce the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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