ECMO Treatment Overview

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What is the primary function of an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)?

Assist in inflating the lungs during surgery

Control the levels of oxygen in the bloodstream

Aid in expanding blood vessels in the legs

Provide mechanical support to the heart during diastole (correct)

When is the Berlin Heart EXCOR VAD typically used?

To treat congenital lung malformations

In small children with heart failure (correct)

In adults with structural heart abnormalities

For patients who need assistance with lung function

What distinguishes the Berlin Heart EXCOR VAD from the HeartWare ventricular assist device?

Intended patient population, with HeartWare for small children

Size, with the Berlin Heart being larger (correct)

Function, with HeartWare being used for acute heart failure

Pump mechanism, with HeartWare using counter pulsation

In which phase of the cardiac cycle does the balloon pump inflate?

Diastole Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the indications for using an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)?

Structurally normal heart with acute myocarditis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of patients are suitable candidates for the Berlin Heart EXCOR VAD?

Small children with heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy?

To decrease intrapulmonary shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in the management of some newborns with hypoxic respiratory failure?

Progressive respiratory and metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to optimal oxygenation by matching ventilation and perfusion?

Adequate ventilation with perfusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a commonly occurring disease associated with hypoxic respiratory failure in neonates?

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the currently approved use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO)?

Neonates over 34 weeks with PPHN Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is intrapulmonary shunting without V/Q matching?

Hypoxemia persists Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the factors mentioned that can lead to high vascular tone in neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure?

Structural disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of hypoxemia and systemic hypotension in neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure?

Pulmonary edema Signup and view all the answers

Which image courtesy is mentioned in the text regarding hypoxic respiratory failure?

John P. Kinsella, MD Signup and view all the answers

Which condition reflects a relative deficiency of oxygen in arterial blood often associated with insufficient ventilation?

Hypoxic respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

In neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure, what does poor ventilation despite adequate perfusion lead to?

Hypoxemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential alternative to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy?

Surfactant administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of Nitric Oxide?

A few minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is the carrier gas in Nitric Oxide?

Nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

Where is Nitric Oxide predominantly present in the atmosphere?

100 ppb Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant metabolite of Nitric Oxide?

Nitrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the main property of Nitric Oxide that leads to its selective activity in vasodilation?

Rapid onset of action Signup and view all the answers

Why is Nitrate rapidly cleared by the kidneys?

Rapid clearance of inhaled Nitric Oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of INOMAX in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure?

Vasodilator for neonates with pulmonary hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Why should INOMAX not be used in neonates with right-to-left shunting of blood?

It may worsen the shunting of blood to the systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

What does low lung volume ventilation contribute to?

Volutrauma Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of high lung volume ventilation?

Increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) Signup and view all the answers

Which neonates are indicated for INOMAX treatment?

Term and late pre-term neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of INOMAX in treating neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure?

Improve oxygenation and reduce the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) Signup and view all the answers