Ebola and Environmental Factors

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of an endogenous injury?

Radiation exposure

Infection by bacterium

Phenylketonuria (PKU) (correct)

Nutritional deficiency

What is the primary factor influencing the development of genetic disorders?

Genetic composition (correct)

Microbiological agents

Nutritional deficiencies

Environmental factors

Which of the following is an example of a phenocopy?

A chromosomal abnormality causing a genetic disorder

A gene mutation resulting in a disease

A nutritional deficiency leading to a disease

An environmental factor mimicking a genetic disorder (correct)

What is the relationship between genes and environment in disease aetiology?

Genes and environment interact to influence disease aetiology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an endogenous cause of cell injury?

Radiation exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of cell injury that results from internal defects or abnormalities?

Endogenous Signup and view all the answers

What can be a primary influence on a person's resistance to Ebola?

Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an exogenous cause of cell injury?

Radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between nature and nurture in the context of disease causation?

Disease causation is multifactorial and often includes both endogenous and exogenous factors Signup and view all the answers

How can genes influence a person's response to the environment?

By influencing their susceptibility to environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an endogenous cause of cell injury?

Radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to disease causation?

Multifactorial Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a nurture factor that can influence disease causation?

Environmental toxin exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary influence on a person's susceptibility to Ebola?

Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for mental retardation in a child born to a mother with phenylketonuria?

High levels of phenylalanine in the mother's blood during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What type of injury is ageing considered to be?

Endogenous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a learning outcome related to genetic disorders?

Mitochondrial dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the interaction between genes and environment in disease aetiology?

Multifactorial Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which cells become unable to divide and grow?

Senescence Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the shortening of telomeres, which can lead to cellular ageing?

Telomere shortening Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which cells die as a result of programmed cell death?

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the response of cells to stressful stimuli, such as heat shock or oxidative stress?

Cell stress Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classifications of Cell Injury

Cell injury can be classified as physical, genetic, chemical, microbiological, immunological, nutritional, and ageing
Environmental factors can influence a person's resistance to disease through genetic and exogenous factors
The cause of disease is multifactorial and often includes both endogenous and exogenous injury

Interaction between Genes and Environment

Genes can influence how a person responds to the environment
Environmental factors can act via genes to cause disease
Genetic composition can influence environmental reactivity

Endogenous Injury

Endogenous injury is primarily genetic but can still be influenced by exogenous factors
Examples of endogenous injury include genetic disorders such as phenylketonuria (PKU)
Ageing is also an example of endogenous injury

Exogenous Injury

Exogenous injury is caused by external factors
Examples of exogenous injury include phenocopy, which is a condition that mimics a genetic disorder but is caused by environmental factors
Phenocopy can be caused by a restricted diet, such as in the case of PKU

Genetic Disorders

Major chromosomal abnormalities are a type of genetic disorder
Minor chromosomal abnormalities, such as PKU, are also a type of genetic disorder
PKU can be treated with a restricted diet

Ageing

Ageing is a type of endogenous injury that damages cells at a cellular level
Features of ageing include telomere shortening, senescence, and premature ageing
Factors that affect ageing include Hayflick limit, features of senescence, and premature ageing

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Description

This quiz explores the environmental and genetic influences on a person's resistance to Ebola, including the role of nurture and nutrition.