Eastern and Western Philosophers Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which component of Freud's personality structure is known for balancing the desires of the Id with the demands of reality?

  • Superego
  • Conscious Mind
  • Ego (correct)
  • Id

In Freud's psychosexual stages, which stage involves focusing on controlling bowel and bladder during toilet training?

  • Phallic
  • Latency
  • Anal (correct)
  • Oral

At what age range do children begin to learn communication through language and symbols in Mead's theory of social development?

  • 5-7 years
  • 0-3 years
  • 3-5 years (correct)
  • 8-9 years

Which statement best represents the Freudian concept of the Superego?

<p>It acts as the moral conscience. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stages in Freud's psychosexual development is characterized by a focus on the sexual differences between genders?

<p>Phallic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Freud's theory implies that unresolved conflicts can result in fixation at a particular psychosexual stage?

<p>Psychosexual development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'I' refer to in George Herbert Mead's theory of social self?

<p>The impulsive and spontaneous self (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common problem associated with the anal stage of Freud's psychosexual development?

<p>Anal retentiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept emphasizes the idea that suffering is caused by desire and attachment?

<p>Samudaya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Eightfold Path in Buddhism?

<p>Cultivating a moral life to alleviate suffering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher is known for the concept of the 'Allegory of the Cave'?

<p>Plato (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Aristotle's contribution to logical reasoning?

<p>Syllogism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Confucianism's primary focus?

<p>Ethical governance and proper conduct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Freud's personality structure, which component is responsible for moral standards?

<p>Superego (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs correctly associates a philosopher with their main idea?

<p>Confucius - Filial Piety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a person's development does Erikson's Psychosocial Development focus on?

<p>Social interactions and conflicts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the virtue developed during the 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' stage in Erikson's Psychosocial Development?

<p>Fidelity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest level in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

<p>Self-Actualization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in Freud's Psychosexual Stages occurs during puberty and is characterized by sexual desires directed toward others?

<p>Genital (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Frankl’s Logotherapy, what aspect is emphasized even in the face of suffering?

<p>Existential meaning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does an individual face the question, 'Can I make my life count?' according to Erikson's model?

<p>Generativity vs. Stagnation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of the Latent stage in Freud's Psychosexual Stages?

<p>Focus on social relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which need is prioritized in Maslow's hierarchy just above physiological needs?

<p>Safety Needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Eudaimonia' refer to in relation to the human experience?

<p>Happiness or well-being (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tabula Rasa

The idea that the human mind is a blank slate at birth, and all knowledge comes from experience.

Looking-Glass Self

The theory that our self-image develops based on how we think others perceive us.

Dualism (Descartes)

The philosophical idea that reality is divided into two parts: mind (non-physical) and body (physical).

Cogito, ergo sum

A philosophical statement: 'I think, therefore I am' (Descartes).

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Social Self (Mead)

The concept that the self develops through social interaction and understanding of others.

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Id, Ego, Superego (Freud)

Three parts of personality: Id (instinctual), Ego (reality-based), and Superego (moral).

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Levels of Mind (Freud)

The conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind are the 3 levels of awareness of the human mind according to Freud's theory.

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Psychosexual Stages (Freud)

Stages of personality development from birth into adulthood, according the the psychosexual theory, each with specific focus on parts of the body.

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Trust vs. Mistrust

First stage of Erikson's psychosocial development (0-1 year), focusing on the development of trust in caregivers.

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Identity vs. Role Confusion

Erikson's psychosocial stage (adolescence), where individuals explore roles, values, and develop a sense of self.

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Self-Actualization

Highest level of Maslow's hierarchy, involving achieving one's full potential.

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Maslow's Hierarchy

A theory of psychological needs from basic (physiological) to complex (self-actualization).

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Intimacy vs. Isolation

Erikson's stage (Young adulthood) where individuals form close relationships or experience feelings of isolation.

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Generativity vs. Stagnation

Erikson's stage (middle adulthood). Individuals focus on contributing to society or feel stagnant.

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Eudaimonia

Greek word for happiness or well-being.

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Logotherapy

Therapy emphasizing finding meaning in life, even in suffering.

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Yin and Yang

A fundamental concept in Taoism representing complementary forces in the universe. Yin is associated with feminine, passive, and dark energy, while Yang represents masculine, active, and light energy. They exist in balance and harmony.

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Confucianism

A philosophy focused on ethics, social harmony, and good governance, emphasizing respect for elders, family values, and education.

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Filial Piety

A key virtue in Confucianism, emphasizing respect, obedience, and care for parents and family elders.

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Four Noble Truths

The core teachings of Buddhism that explain the nature of suffering, its cause, its end, and the path to liberation.

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Eightfold Path

In Buddhism, a set of guidelines for ethical conduct, mental development, and wisdom, leading to enlightenment and liberation from suffering.

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Socratic Method

A method of questioning used by Socrates to uncover deeper truths and challenge assumptions by asking a series of questions.

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Theory of Forms

Plato's concept that true reality exists in an ideal world of perfect forms, while the physical world is a mere shadow of these forms.

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Golden Mean

Aristotle's concept of virtue, suggesting finding balance and moderation between extremes, avoiding excess or deficiency.

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Study Notes

Eastern Philosophers

  • Lao Tzu: Founder of Taoism, popular philosophy in the "Tao Te Ching"
  • Yin and Yang Theory: Concept in Taoism
  • Confucius: Founder of Confucianism, known for Civil Service Exam, Analects, Golden Rule, and Filial Piety.
  • Siddhartha Gautama Buddha: Also known as Buddha, founder of Buddhism, taught Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path.
  • Nirvana: State of liberation in Buddhism.
  • Four Noble Truths: Concept in Buddhism discussing suffering and its cessation. Includes Dukkha (suffering), Samudaya (cause of suffering), Nirodha (cessation of suffering), and Magga (path to the cessation of suffering).
  • Eightfold Path: Guidelines in Buddhism, part of the Four Noble Truths, for achieving liberation. Includes Right View, Right Intention, etc

Western Philosophers

  • Socrates: Father of Western Philosophy, concerned with questioning human ethics, known for the Socratic Method.
  • Plato: Great student of Socrates, author of The Republic, Idealist, Theory of Forms and Allegory of the Cave.
  • Aristotle: Student of Plato, Father of Political Science, Father of Logic, Golden Mean, and Logical Reasoning (Syllogism).
  • René Descartes: Father of Modern Philosophy, Dualism, Mind and Body.
    • Cognito, ergo sum: "I think, therefore I am."
  • Gilbert Ryle: Rejected Dualism, "I act therefore I am"
  • George Herbert Mead: Theory of Social Self, "I" and "Me"
  • Sigmund Freud: Three Levels of Mind (Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious), id, ego, superego, Psychosexual Stages (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital).

Other concepts

  • Empiricism: Knowledge comes from experience, the human mind is a blank slate (tabula rasa) at birth.
  • Tabula Rasa: Blank slate, believed that the mind is not pre-programmed before birth.
  • Eudaimonia: Greek word meaning happiness, well-being, flourishing, good spirit.
  • Summum Bonum: Supreme good.
  • Nature vs. Nurture: Discussion of the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in shaping a person's characteristics.
  • Materialism: Everything can be explained through physical matter.
  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Motivation theory, pyramid structure of needs (physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization), self-actualization being the highest
  • Viktor Frankl's Logotherapy: Emphasizing life's meaning, even in the face of suffering.
  • Erik Erikson: 8 stages of Psychosocial development throughout life. These stages explain how personal development impacts the development of the self.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key figures and concepts from Eastern and Western philosophy. This quiz covers thinkers like Lao Tzu, Confucius, and Buddha, as well as Western greats like Socrates and Plato. Challenge yourself with questions about their philosophies and teachings!

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